Prediction of Axial Compression Behavior of Confined Concrete Columns Considering the Effect of Cryogenic Temperatures
Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 38, Issue 2
Abstract
The axial compression performance of confined reinforced concrete columns in cryogenic temperature environments is affected by the mechanical properties of reinforcement and concrete materials. The properties of reinforcement and concrete material vary greatly in cryogenic environments. To investigate the axial compression behavior of confined reinforced concrete columns at cryogenic temperatures, specimens with stirrup-confined and carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined were simulated respectively, considering the impact of cryogenic temperatures on material properties. The various stirrup and CFRP ratios were applied at different temperatures from 20°C to −120°C. The results indicate that decreasing temperature improves the peak load and initial stiffness while reducing peak strain and ductility. The ductility of specimens improves with the increasing stirrup and CFRP ratios, while the increment at cryogenic temperatures is less than that at 20°C. At −120°C, the hoop strains at the peak point and descending branch are greater than those at 20°C. The confined strength increases linearly with the increasing confinement ratio, while the decreasing temperature reduces the growth rate. The confinement effects are weakened as temperature drops. Based on the numerical results, a compression model that can reflect the influence of cryogenic temperatures was established. The model can provide better predictions of confined strength, peak strain, and stress–strain curves of confined reinforced concrete columns under axial compressive load and cryogenic temperatures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. JQ22025). All support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2017. Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures. ACI 440.2R-17. Rep. No. 440 2R-08. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Balla, T. M. R., S. S. Prakash, and A. Rajagopal. 2023. “Role of size on the compression behaviour of hybrid FRP strengthened square RC columns—Experimental and finite element studies.” Compos. Struct. 303: 116314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116314.
Barros, J. A., and D. R. Ferreira. 2008. “Assessing the efficiency of CFRP discrete confinement systems for concrete cylinders.” J. Compos. Constr. 12 (2): 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:2(134).
Eid, R., and P. Paultre. 2017. “Compressive behavior of FRP-confined reinforced concrete columns.” Eng. Struct. 132: 518–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.11.052.
Fam, A. Z., and S. H. Rizkalla. 2001. “Confinement model for axially loaded concrete confined by circular fiber-reinforced polymer tubes.” ACI Struct. J. 98 (4): 451–461.
GB (Guobiao Standards). 2015. Technical code for application of concrete under cryogenic circumstance. GB 51081-15. Beijing: China Architecture and Building.
Guo, Y.-C., W.-Y. Gao, J.-J. Zeng, Z.-J. Duan, X.-Y. Ni, and K.-D. Peng. 2019. “Compressive behavior of FRP ring-confined concrete in circular columns: Effects of specimen size and a new design-oriented stress–strain model.” Constr. Build. Mater. 201: 350–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.183.
Hany, N. F., E. G. Hantouche, and M. H. Harajli. 2016. “Finite element modeling of FRP-confined concrete using modified concrete damaged plasticity.” Eng. Struct. 125: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.06.047.
Harries, K. A., and G. Kharel. 2002. “Behavior and modeling of concrete subject to variable confining pressure.” ACI Mater. J. 99 (2): 180–189.
Ilki, A., O. Peker, E. Karamuk, C. Demir, and N. Kumbasar. 2008. “FRP retrofit of low and medium strength circular and rectangular reinforced concrete columns.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 20 (2): 169–188. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:2(169).
Jiang, Z., B. He, X. Zhu, Q. Ren, and Y. Zhang. 2020. “State-of-the-art review on properties evolution and deterioration mechanism of concrete at cryogenic temperature.” Constr. Build. Mater. 257: 119456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119456.
Jin, L., P. Li, Z. Wang, and X. Du. 2021. “Effect of size on eccentric compression behavior of CFRP-confined RC columns: Experimental and numerical investigation.” J. Compos. Constr. 25 (4): 04021032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001138.
Jin, L., K. Liu, R. Zhang, W. Yu, and X. Du. 2022a. “Effects of content and size of aggregate on the mechanical responses of concrete at cryogenic temperatures.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 273: 108737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108737.
Jin, L., Y. Wenxuan, L. Jia, R. Zhang, Y. Hao, and D. Xiuli. 2022b. “Effect of cryogenic temperature on static fracture of concrete having different structural sizes: Experimental tests.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 193: 103431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103431.
Kabir, M. Z., and E. Shafei. 2012. “Plasticity modeling of FRP-confined circular reinforced concrete columns subjected to eccentric axial loading.” Composites, Part B 43 (8): 3497–3506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.11.075.
Légeron, F., and P. Paultre. 2003. “Uniaxial confinement model for normal- and high-strength concrete columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (2): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:2(241).
Lin, H., Y. Han, S. Liang, F. Gong, S. Han, C. Shi, and P. Feng. 2022. “Effects of low temperatures and cryogenic freeze–thaw cycles on concrete mechanical properties: A literature review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 345: 128287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128287.
Mander, J. B., M. J. N. Priestley, and R. Park. 1988. “Theoretical stress–strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 114 (8): 1804–1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
Matthys, S., H. Toutanji, and L. Taerwe. 2006. “Stress–strain behavior of large-scale circular columns confined with FRP composites.” J. Struct. Eng. 132 (1): 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:1(123).
Pham, T. M., M. N. S. Hadi, and J. Youssef. 2015. “Optimized FRP wrapping schemes for circular concrete columns under axial compression.” J. Compos. Constr. 19 (6): 04015015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000571.
Popovics, S. 1973. “A numerical approach to the complete stress–strain curve of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 3 (5): 583–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(73)90096-3.
Qiao, Y., H. Wang, L. Cai, W. Zhang, and B. Yang. 2016. “Influence of low temperature on dynamic behavior of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 115: 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.046.
Ren, X., K. Liu, J. Li, and X. Gao. 2017. “Compressive behavior of stirrup-confined concrete under dynamic loading.” Constr. Build. Mater. 154: 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.174.
Ribeiro, F., J. Sena-Cruz, F. G. Branco, and E. Júlio. 2019. “3D finite element model for hybrid FRP-confined concrete in compression using modified CDPM.” Eng. Struct. 190: 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.027.
Richart, F. E., A. Brandtzæg, and R. L. Brown. 1928. A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses. Bulletin 185. Urbana Champaign, IL: Univ. of Illinois Engineering Experimental Station.
Wang, W., M. N. Sheikh, A. Q. Al-Baali, and M. N. S. Hadi. 2018a. “Compressive behaviour of partially FRP confined concrete: Experimental observations and assessment of the stress–strain models.” Constr. Build. Mater. 192: 785–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.105.
Wang, W., M. Zhang, Y. Tang, X. Zhang, and X. Ding. 2017. “Behaviour of high-strength concrete columns confined by spiral reinforcement under uniaxial compression.” Constr. Build. Mater. 154: 496–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.179.
Wang, Y., G. Chen, B. Wan, and H. Lin. 2018b. “Axial compressive behavior of square ice filled steel tubular stub columns.” Constr. Build. Mater. 188: 198–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.111.
Wang, Y., G. Chen, B. Wan, H. Lin, and J. Zhang. 2018c. “Behavior of innovative circular ice filled steel tubular stub columns under axial compression.” Constr. Build. Mater. 171: 680–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.208.
Wang, Z., J. Xie, X.-F. Jiang, and J.-B. Yan. 2021. “Behaviours of reinforced concrete-filled GFRP tube stub columns under low-temperature axial compression.” Constr. Build. Mater. 312: 125429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125429.
Wu, Q., Q. Ma, and J. Zhang. 2022. “Mechanical properties and damage constitutive model of concrete under low-temperature action.” Constr. Build. Mater. 348: 128668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128668.
Wu, Y.-F., and Y.-Y. Wei. 2010. “Effect of cross-sectional aspect ratio on the strength of CFRP-confined rectangular concrete columns.” Eng. Struct. 32 (1): 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.08.012.
Xiao, Q. G., J. G. Teng, and T. Yu. 2010. “Behavior and modeling of confined high-strength concrete.” J. Compos. Constr. 14 (3): 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000070.
Xie, J., X. Li, and H. Wu. 2014. “Experimental study on the axial-compression performance of concrete at cryogenic temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 72: 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.033.
Xie, J., Y. Liu, Y. Qiao, and J.-B. Yan. 2022. “Bond behaviors of ribbed CFRP bars in concrete exposed to low temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 341: 127910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127910.
Yan, J.-B., Y. Geng, Y. Luo, B. Zhao, and T. Wang. 2022. “Double skin composite beams at Arctic low temperatures: Numerical and analytical studies.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 193: 107286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107286.
Yan, J.-B., Y.-L. Luo, C. Liang, X. Lin, Y.-B. Luo, and L. Zhang. 2021a. “Compression behaviours of concrete-filled Q690 high-strength steel tubular columns at low temperatures.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 187: 106983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106983.
Yan, J.-B., Y.-L. Luo, X. Lin, Y.-B. Luo, and L. Zhang. 2021b. “Effects of the Arctic low temperature on mechanical properties of Q690 and Q960 high-strength steels.” Constr. Build. Mater. 300: 124022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124022.
Yan, J.-B., and J. Xie. 2017. “Experimental studies on mechanical properties of steel reinforcements under cryogenic temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151: 661–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.123.
Yan, J.-B., X. Yang, Y. Luo, P. Xie, and Y.-B. Luo. 2021c. “Axial compression behaviours of ultra-high performance concrete-filled Q690 high-strength steel tubes at low temperatures.” Thin-Walled Struct. 169: 108419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108419.
Yu, T., J. G. Teng, Y. L. Wong, and S. L. Dong. 2010. “Finite element modeling of confined concrete-II: Plastic-damage model.” Eng. Struct. 32 (3): 680–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.11.013.
Zhang, D., G. Wang, and Q. Yue. 2018. “Evaluation of ice-induced fatigue life for a vertical offshore structure in the Bohai Sea.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 154: 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.05.012.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 38 • Issue 2 • June 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 13, 2023
Accepted: Aug 29, 2023
Published online: Jan 30, 2024
Published in print: Jun 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Jun 30, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.