Engaging Stakeholders to Overcome the Common Constraints for Delivering Low Carbon Buildings in High-Rise High-Density Cities
Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 149, Issue 1
Abstract
Buildings in high-rise high-density cities are principal contributors to global anthropogenic carbon emissions. Notwithstanding the many commitments to delivering low-carbon buildings (LCBs), various constraints have hampered their delivery. Despite their significance, very few studies have identified these constraints from the perspective of high-rise high-density cities. Furthermore, there has been no specific identification of stakeholders’ engagement needed to address the constraints. The reported study addresses this gap by exploring the stakeholder engagement required to overcome the constraints of delivering LCBs. First, a list of 21 common constraints for delivering LCBs in high-rise high-density cities was identified by building on a precursor research study. In addition, 19 stakeholders with the ability to help overcome these constraints were identified through a literature review, and their engagement in addressing the identified 21 constraints was analyzed by employing social network analysis (SNA) approaches. This analysis was based on a two-round Delphi survey conducted with the participation of 15 experienced practitioners. The findings provide a systematic mapping of the constraints and associated stakeholders. Accordingly, clients, policy makers and regulators, property and facility managers, educational training and research institutes, and accreditation and standardization bodies showed an ability to address more than 60% of the identified constraints, whereas financial institutions, end users, project managers, and suppliers showed an ability to address less than 30% of the constraints. This study contributes to the theory by providing useful insights into developing and utilizing suitable SNA structures to analyze stakeholder engagement. It contributes to practice by identifying common constraints in delivering LCBs, identifying the significant stakeholders involved, and alerting industry practitioners to the imperatives and suitable modalities for their engagement to strengthen the delivery of LCBs in high-rise high-density cities.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
References
Abdellah, R., and M. Masrom. 2018. “Exploring the barriers of net zero energy buildings (NZEBS) implementation in Malaysia: Perception of Malaysian construction practitioners.” Int. J. Integr. Eng. 10 (9): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2018.10.09.003.
Afshari, H., M. Issa, and A. Radwan. 2016. “Using failure mode and effects analysis to evaluate barriers to the greening of existing buildings using the leadership in energy and environmental design rating system.” J. Cleaner Prod. 127 (Jul): 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.140.
Aitkin, M., D. Vu, and B. Francis. 2014. “Statistical modelling of the group structure of social networks.” Social Networks 38 (Jul): 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2014.03.002.
Alam, M., P. Zou, R. Stewart, E. Bertone, O. Sahin, C. Buntine, and C. Marshall. 2019. “Government championed strategies to overcome the barriers to public building energy efficiency retrofit projects.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 44 (Jan): 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.022.
Alam, S., M. Airaksinen, and R. Lahdelma. 2021. “Attitudes and approaches of Finnish retrofit industry stakeholders toward achieving nearly zero-energy buildings.” Sustainability 13 (13): 7359. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137359.
Anand, C., and B. Amor. 2017. “Recent developments, future challenges and new research directions in LCA of buildings: A critical review.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 67 (Jan): 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.058.
Andrić, I., M. Koc, and S. Al-Ghamdi. 2019. “A review of climate change implications for built environment: Impacts, mitigation measures and associated challenges in developed and developing countries.” J. Cleaner Prod. 211 (Feb): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.128.
Baek, C., and S. Park. 2012. “Policy measures to overcome barriers to energy renovation of existing buildings.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 16 (6): 3939–3947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.046.
BCA (Building and Construction Authority). 2021. “Green building masterplans.” Accessed June 19, 2021. https://www1.bca.gov.sg/buildsg/sustainability/green-building-masterplans.
Beiderbeck, D., N. Frevel, H. von der Gracht, S. Schmidt, and V. Schweitzer. 2021. “Preparing, conducting, and analyzing Delphi surveys: Cross-disciplinary practices, new directions, and advancements.” MethodsX 8 (Jan): 101401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101401.
Berardi, U. 2013. “Stakeholders’ influence on the adoption of energy-saving technologies in Italian homes.” Energy Policy 60 (Sep): 520–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.074.
Bertone, E., R. Stewart, O. Sahin, M. Alam, P. Zou, C. Buntine, and C. Marshall. 2018. “Guidelines, barriers and strategies for energy and water retrofits of public buildings.” J. Cleaner Prod. 174 (Feb): 1064–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.065.
Bhatt, N. 2016. “Low carbon building.” Accessed May 24, 2022. https://www.climatecolab.org/contests/2016/buildings/c/proposal/1329602#:∼:text=Low%2Dcarbon%20buildings%20(LCB),would%20qualify%20as%20a%20LCB.
Biekša, D., G. Šiupšinskas, V. Martinaitis, and E. Jaraminienė. 2011. “Energy efficiency challenges in multi-apartment building renovation in Lithuania.” J. Civ. Eng. Manage. 17 (4): 467–475. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.622408.
Borgatti, S., and M. Everett. 1997. “Network analysis of 2-mode data.” Social Networks 19 (3): 243–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8733(96)00301-2.
Borgatti, S., and M. Everett. 2000. “Models of core/periphery structures.” Social Networks 21 (4): 375–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8733(99)00019-2.
Borgatti, S. P., M. G. Everett, and J. C. Johnson. 2013. Analyzing social networks. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
Burt, R., M. Kilduff, and S. Tasselli. 2013. “Social network analysis: Foundations and frontiers on advantage.” Ann. Rev. Psychol. 64 (1): 527–547. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143828.
Butts, C. 2008. “Social network analysis: A methodological introduction.” Asian J. Soc. Psychol. 11 (1): 13–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00241.x.
Cattani, G., and S. Ferriani. 2008. “A core/periphery perspective on individual creative performance: Social networks and cinematic achievements in the Hollywood film industry.” Organ. Sci. 19 (6): 824–844. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0350.
Cattano, C., R. Valdes-Vasquez, J. Plumblee, and L. Klotz. 2013. “Potential Solutions to common barriers experienced during the delivery of building renovations for improved energy performance: Literature review and case study.” J. Archit. Eng. 19 (3): 164–167. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000126.
Cherrafi, A., S. Elfezazi, J. Garza-Reyes, K. Benhida, and A. Mokhlis. 2017. “Barriers in Green Lean implementation: A combined systematic literature review and interpretive structural modelling approach.” Prod. Plann. Control 28 (10): 829–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1324184.
Cooke, R., A. Cripps, A. Irwin, and M. Kolokotroni. 2007. “Alternative energy technologies in buildings: Stakeholder perceptions.” Renewable Energy 32 (14): 2320–2333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.12.004.
Dadzie, J., G. Runeson, G. Ding, and F. Bondinuba. 2018. “Barriers to adoption of sustainable technologies for energy-efficient building upgrade—Semi-structured interviews.” Buildings 8 (4): 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8040057.
Du, P., L. Zheng, B. Xie, and A. Mahalingam. 2014. “Barriers to the adoption of energy-saving technologies in the building sector: A survey study of Jing-jin-tang, China.” Energy Policy 75 (Dec): 206–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.09.025.
Farhan, S. A., N. Shafiq, K. A. M. Azizli, N. Jamaludin, and S. S. S. Gardezi. 2014. “Low-carbon buildings: Renewable energy systems, materials and assessment methods.” Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 8 (15): 260–263.
Fasna, M., and S. Gunatilake. 2020. “Involvement of stakeholders in the adoption and implementation of energy retrofits in hotel buildings.” Int. J. Energy Sect. Manage. 14 (6): 1239–1253. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-02-2020-0006.
Flaherty, M., and A. Rappaport. 2017. “Operationalizing sustainability practice: The role of industry trade associations.” J. Corporate Citizenship 2017 (65): 98–131. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2017.ma.00008.
Gan, X., R. Chang, J. Zuo, T. Wen, and G. Zillante. 2018. “Barriers to the transition towards off-site construction in China: An Interpretive structural modeling approach.” J. Cleaner Prod. 197 (Oct): 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.184.
Gupta, P., S. Anand, and H. Gupta. 2017. “Developing a roadmap to overcome barriers to energy efficiency in buildings using best worst method.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 31 (May): 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.005.
Häkkinen, T., and K. Belloni. 2011. “Barriers and drivers for sustainable building.” Build. Res. Inf. 39 (3): 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2011.561948.
Hasson, F., S. Keeney, and H. McKenna. 2000. “Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique.” J. Adv. Nurs. 32 (4): 1008–1015. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x.
He, C., S. Yu, and Y. Hou. 2021. “Exploring factors in the diffusion of different levels of green housing in china: Perspective of stakeholders.” Energy Build. 240 (Jun): 110895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110895.
HKEB (Hong Kong Environment Bureau). 2015. “Energy saving plan for Hong Kong’s built environment 2015-2025.” Accessed June 1, 2021. http://www.enb.gov.hk/sites/default/files/pdf/EnergySavingPlanEn.pdf.
Hui, S. C. M. 2010. “Zero energy and zero carbon buildings: Myths and facts.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Intelligent Systems, Structures and Facilities (ISSF2010): Intelligent Infrastructure and Buildings, 15–25. Hong Kong: Kowloon Shangri-la Hotel.
IEA (International Energy Agency). 2019. “Estimated global buildings construction in the Sustainable Development Scenario, 2018-2030.” Accessed June 9, 2021. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/estimated-global-buildings-construction-in-the-sustainable-development-scenario-2018-2030.
IEA (International Energy Agency). 2020. “Energy efficiency 2020.” Accessed June 5, 2021. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/59268647-0b70-4e7b-9f78-269e5ee93f26/Energy_Efficiency_2020.pdf.
Iwaro, J., and A. Mwasha. 2010. “A review of building energy regulation and policy for energy conservation in developing countries.” Energy Policy 38 (12): 7744–7755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.027.
Jackson, T. 2009. “Prosperity without Growth? The transition to a sustainable economy.” Accessed June 15, 2021. http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/data/files/publications/prosperity_without_growth_report.pdf.
Jia, L., Q. Qian, F. Meijer, and H. Visscher. 2020. “Stakeholders’ risk perception: A Perspective for proactive risk management in residential building energy retrofits in China.” Sustainability 12 (7): 2832. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072832.
Jones, P., S. Lannon, and J. Patterson. 2013. “Retrofitting existing housing: How far, how much?” Build. Res. Inf. 41 (5): 532–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2013.807064.
Kangas, H., D. Lazarevic, and P. Kivimaa. 2018. “Technical skills, disinterest and non-functional regulation: Barriers to building energy efficiency in Finland viewed by energy service companies.” Energy Policy 114 (Mar): 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.060.
Kemp, R., S. Parto, and R. Gibson. 2005. “Governance for sustainable development: Moving from theory to practice.” Int. J. Sustainable Dev. 8 (1–2): 12. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSD.2005.007372.
Kongela, S. 2021. “Sustainability potential awareness among built environment stakeholders: Experience from Tanzania.” Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adapt. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-09-2020-0082.
Lewis, J. 2011. “The future of network governance research: Strength in diversity and synthesis.” Public Administration 89 (4): 1221–1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01876.x.
Li, Y., J. O’Donnell, R. García-Castro, and S. Vega-Sánchez. 2017. “Identifying stakeholders and key performance indicators for district and building energy performance analysis.” Energy Build. 155 (Nov): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.09.003.
Li, Y., N. Zhu, and B. Qin. 2019. “Major barriers to the new residential building energy-efficiency promotion in China: Frontlines’ perceptions.” Energies 12 (6): 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061073.
Liang, X., G. Shen, and L. Guo. 2015. “Improving management of green retrofits from a stakeholder perspective: A case study in China.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12 (11): 13823–13842. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121113823.
Lomas, K. 2010. “Carbon reduction in existing buildings: A transdisciplinary approach.” Build. Res. Inf. 38 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210903350937.
Loosemore, M. 1998. “Social network analysis: Using a quantitative tool within an interpretative context to explore the management of construction crises.” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage. 5 (4): 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb021085.
Madhusanka, N., W. Pan, and M. Kumaraswamy. 2020. “Social network analysis of building energy and carbon policy networks in developing countries.” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 588 (2): 022004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/588/2/022004.
Madhusanka, N., W. Pan, and M. M. Kumaraswamy. 2021. “Constraints to delivering low carbon buildings in high-rise high-density cities.” In Proc., 37th Annual ARCOM Conf., 804–813. Glasgow, UK: Association of Researchers in Construction Management.
Madhusanka, N., W. Pan, and M. M. Kumaraswamy. 2022. “Stakeholder engagement and collaboration in overcoming the constraints to delivering low carbon buildings in high-rise high-density cities.” In Proc., CIB World Building Congress 2022. Bristol, UK: IOP Science.
Masrom, M., M. Rahim, S. Ann, S. Mohamed, and K. Goh. 2017. “A preliminary exploration of the barriers of sustainable refurbishment for commercial building projects in Malaysia.” Procedia Eng. 180 (Jan): 1363–1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.299.
MOCCAE (Ministry of Climate Change and Environment). 2021. “National climate change plan of the United Arab Emirates 2017–2050.” Accessed June 22, 2021. https://www.moccae.gov.ae/assets/30e58e2e/national-climate-change-plan-for-the-united-arab-emirates-2017-2050.aspx.
Newman, M. 2001. “Scientific collaboration networks. II. Shortest paths, weighted networks, and centrality.” Phys. Rev. E 64 (1): 016132. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.64.016132.
Ng, S., M. Skitmore, and J. Cheung. 2013. “Organisational obstacles to reducing carbon emissions in Hong Kong.” Habitat Int. 40 (Oct): 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.03.004.
Ogbeifun, E., C. Mbohwa, and J. Pretorius. 2017. “Achieving consensus devoid of complicity: Adopting the Delphi technique.” Int. J. Productivity Perform. Manage. 66 (6): 766–779. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-08-2015-0112.
Paiho, S., and H. Ahvenniemi. 2017. “Non-technical barriers to energy efficient renovation of residential buildings and potential policy instruments to overcome them—Evidence from young Russian adults.” Buildings 7 (4): 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7040101.
Pan, W. 2014. “System boundaries of zero carbon buildings.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 37 (Sep): 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.015.
Pan, W., and L. Maxey. 2013. “Challenges and opportunities of low or zero carbon building: Prospects of business models.” In Proc., 2013 CIB World Building Congress, 144–155. Brisbane, Australia: International Council for Building.
Pan, W., and Y. Ning. 2015. “A socio-technical framework of zero-carbon building policies.” Build. Res. Inf. 43 (1): 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2015.955759.
Pan, W., and M. Pan. 2018. “A dialectical system framework of zero carbon emission building policy for high-rise high-density cities: Perspectives from Hong Kong.” J. Cleaner Prod. 205 (Dec): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.025.
Pan, W., and M. Pan. 2020. “A ‘demand-supply-regulation-institution’ stakeholder partnership model of delivering zero carbon buildings.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 62 (Nov): 102359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102359.
Pan, W., and M. Pan. 2021. “Drivers, barriers and strategies for zero carbon buildings in high-rise high-density cities.” Energy Build. 242 (Jul): 110970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110970.
Panditharatne, C. 2013. “An appropriate climate change adaptation policy for Sri Lanka.” Ph.D. thesis, Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Griffith Univ.
Pérez-Lombard, L., J. Ortiz, R. González, and I. Maestre. 2009. “A review of benchmarking, rating and labelling concepts within the framework of building energy certification schemes.” Energy Build. 41 (3): 272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.10.004.
Peterman, A., A. Kourula, and R. Levitt. 2020. “Organizational roles in a sustainability alliance network.” Bus. Strategy Environ. 29 (8): 3314–3330. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2574.
Pickering, C., and J. Byrne. 2013. “The benefits of publishing systematic quantitative literature reviews for PhD candidates and other early-career researchers.” Higher Educ. Res. Dev. 33 (3): 534–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.841651.
Pitts, A. 2017. “Passive house and low energy buildings: Barriers and opportunities for future development within UK practice.” Sustainability 9 (2): 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020272.
Prem Sankar, C., K. Asokan, and K. Satheesh Kumar. 2015. “Exploratory social network analysis of affiliation networks of Indian listed companies.” Social Networks 43 (Oct): 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2015.03.008.
RISE (Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy). 2021. “Indicators.” Accessed June 3, 2021. https://rise.esmap.org/indicators.
Rock, S., M. Hosseini, B. Nikmehr, I. Martek, S. Abrishami, and S. Durdyev. 2019. “Barriers to ‘green operation’ of commercial office buildings.” Facilities 37 (13–14): 1048–1065. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-08-2018-0101.
Ryan, A., I. Kajzer Mitchell, and S. Daskou. 2012. “An interaction and networks approach to developing sustainable organizations.” J. Organ. Change Manage. 25 (4): 578–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811211239236.
Shen, L., X. Song, Y. Wu, S. Liao, and X. Zhang. 2016. “Interpretive structural modeling based factor analysis on the implementation of emission trading system in the Chinese building sector.” J. Cleaner Prod. 127 (Jul): 214–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.151.
Shen, W., W. Tang, A. Siripanan, Z. Lei, C. Duffield, and F. Hui. 2018. “Understanding the green technical capabilities and barriers to green buildings in developing countries: A case study of Thailand.” Sustainability 10 (10): 3585. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103585.
Shi, Q., T. Yu, and J. Zuo. 2015. “What leads to low-carbon buildings? A China study.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 50 (Oct): 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.037.
Sudhakara Reddy, B. 2013. “Barriers and drivers to energy efficiency—A new taxonomical approach.” Energy Convers. Manage. 74 (Oct): 403–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.040.
Svenfelt, Å., R. Engström, and Ö. Svane. 2011. “Decreasing energy use in buildings by 50% by 2050—A backcasting study using stakeholder groups.” Technol. Forecasting Social Change 78 (5): 785–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.09.005.
Tuominen, P., K. Klobut, A. Tolman, A. Adjei, and M. de Best-Waldhober. 2012. “Energy savings potential in buildings and overcoming market barriers in member states of the European Union.” Energy Build. 51 (Aug): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.04.015.
Ucci, M., and C. Yu. 2014. “Low-carbon buildings, health and wellbeing: Current perspectives and critical challenges.” Indoor Built Environ. 23 (3): 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X14533256.
UN-Habitat (United Nations Human Settlements Programme). 2020. “World cities report 2020.” Accessed June 14, 2021. https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/10/wcr_2020_report.pdf.
Vogel, C., S. Zwolinsky, C. Griffiths, M. Hobbs, E. Henderson, and E. Wilkins. 2019. “A Delphi study to build consensus on the definition and use of big data in obesity research.” Int. J. Obesity 43 (12): 2573–2586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0313-9.
Vogel, J., P. Lundqvist, and J. Arias. 2015. “Categorizing barriers to energy efficiency in buildings.” Energy Procedia 75 (Aug): 2839–2845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.568.
Wang, T., X. Li, P. Liao, and D. Fang. 2016. “Building energy efficiency for public hospitals and healthcare facilities in China: Barriers and drivers.” Energy 103 (May): 588–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.039.
Wasserman, S., and K. Faust. 1997. Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Weng, C., W. Yang, and K. Lai. 2014. “Technological position in alliances network.” Technol. Anal. Strategic Manage. 26 (6): 669–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2014.923096.
Williams, K., and C. Dair. 2007. “What is stopping sustainable building in England? Barriers experienced by stakeholders in delivering sustainable developments.” Sustainable Dev. 15 (3): 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.308.
Xing, R., T. Hanaoka, Y. Kanamori, and T. Masui. 2018. “Achieving zero emission in China’s urban building sector: Opportunities and barriers.” Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainability 30 (Feb): 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.05.005.
Xu, X., B. Xiao, and C. Li. 2021. “Stakeholders’ power over the impact issues of building energy performance gap: A two-mode social network analysis.” J. Cleaner Prod. 289 (Mar): 125623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125623.
Yang, R. J., P. X. Zou, and J. Wang. 2016. “Modelling stakeholder-associated risk networks in green building projects.” Int. J. Project Manage. 34 (1): 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.09.010.
Yeatts, D., D. Auden, C. Cooksey, and C. Chen. 2017. “A systematic review of strategies for overcoming the barriers to energy-efficient technologies in buildings.” Energy Res. Social Sci. 32 (Oct): 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.03.010.
Yu, C., W. Pan, Y. Zhao, and Y. Li. 2015. “Challenges for modeling energy use in high-rise office buildings in Hong Kong.” Procedia Eng. 121 (Jan): 513–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1100.
Yu, Z., F. Haghighat, and B. Fung. 2016. “Advances and challenges in building engineering and data mining applications for energy-efficient communities.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 25 (Aug): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.12.001.
Zedan, S., and W. Miller. 2017. “Quantifying stakeholders’ influence on energy efficiency of housing: Development and application of a four-step methodology.” Construct. Manage. Econ. 36 (7): 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2017.1411599.
Zhang, L., Q. Li, and J. Zhou. 2017. “Critical factors of low-carbon building development in China’s urban area.” J. Cleaner Prod. 142 (Nov): 3075–3082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.160.
Zhang, X., T. Martin, and M. E. Newman. 2015. “Identification of core-periphery stricture in networks.” Phys. Rev. 91 (3): 032803. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.91.032803.
Zhang, X., L. Shen, V. Tam, and W. Lee. 2012. “Barriers to implement extensive green roof systems: A Hong Kong study.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 16 (1): 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.157.
Zhang, Y., and Y. Wang. 2013. “Barriers’ and policies’ analysis of China’s building energy efficiency.” Energy Policy 62 (Nov): 768–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.128.
Zhao, X., W. Pan, and W. Lu. 2016. “Business model innovation for delivering zero carbon buildings.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 27 (Nov): 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.03.013.
Zhao, Y., W. Pan, and Y. Ning. 2015. “Challenges for modeling carbon emissions of high-rise public residential buildings in Hong Kong.” Procedia Eng. 118 (Jan): 614–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.494.
Zou, P., X. Xu, J. Sanjayan, and J. Wang. 2018. “Review of 10 years research on building energy performance gap: Life-cycle and stakeholder perspectives.” Energy Build. 178 (Nov): 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.040.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 149 • Issue 1 • January 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 1, 2022
Accepted: Sep 6, 2022
Published online: Nov 11, 2022
Published in print: Jan 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Apr 11, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Air pollution
- Analysis (by type)
- Bibliographies
- Buildings
- Business management
- Emissions
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering profession
- Environmental engineering
- High-rise buildings
- Information management
- Managers
- Network analysis
- Personnel (type)
- Personnel management
- Pollution
- Practice and Profession
- Professional development
- Social network
- Structural engineering
- Structures (by type)
- Sustainable development
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Nathalie A. Thelemaque, Jessica A. Kaminsky, Corporate Climate Pledges of High-Revenue Design Firms and Contractors, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-13719, 150, 2, (2024).