Abstract

The use of externally bonded composite systems is recognized as an effective solution for strengthening existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Steel-reinforced grout (SRG) is an attractive option, because of its compatibility with the concrete substrate and mechanical properties. However, a critical aspect is the delamination that might affect the steel textile–mortar and the mortar–concrete substrate interfaces. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the SRG–concrete bond is reported in this paper. In particular, the bond performances of SRG-to-concrete joints, which varies the width of the SRG fabric, the displacement rate, and the applied load eccentricity, are analyzed for the stress that is associated with the bond capacity, slip, and failure modes based on the results that are obtained by direct single-lap shear tests. To assess a data set for model calibration, the findings of this paper and those in the technical literature are collected. Therefore, a machine learning (ML) approach that is based on an artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithm is implemented, and a new analytical formulation for the prediction of the SRG-to-concrete bond capacity is proposed.

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Data Availability Statement

All data, models, and codes generated or used during the study appear in the published article.

Acknowledgments

The experimental tests that are presented in this paper were conducted at the Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T). The authors would like to express their thanks to Professors L.H. Sneed and C. Carloni for their contributions to planning and performing the experimental tests and their appreciation to Kerakoll S.p.A. of Sassuolo, Italy, which provided the composite materials used in this study.

Notation

The following symbols are used in this paper:
Af
textile area;
b
bias [Eq. (2)];
bc
mortar width;
bf
textile width;
ci
basis function [Eq. (4)];
Ef
elastic modulus of the dry fibers;
e1, e2
eccentricity values;
fc
concrete compressive strength;
fc,mat
mortar compressive strength;
fct
concrete tensile strength;
ft,mat
mortar splitting strength;
Leff
effective bonded length;
Lf
bonded length;
n
number of averaged data;
ns
number of similar tested samples;
P*
peak load;
Pavg*
average peak load;
Ppl
debonding load (average value of the applied load along the plateau);
Pplavg
average debonding load;
Pt
maximum carrying load of the composite that corresponds to the tensile strength of the SRG;
Pu
load that corresponds to the global slip (sfu);
P1
load that corresponds to the global slip (sf1);
R2
correlation index;
sf
global slip;
sfu
global slip that preceded the failure of the specimen;
sf1
global slip at the first substantial drop in the load response after the peak load was reached;
tf
equivalent thickness of the fiber sheet;
Vf
displacement rate.
wi
weight [Eq. (2)];
xi
numerical inputs [Eq. (2)];
Ye
experimental value [Eqs. (7) and (8)];
Yt
theoretical value [Eqs. (7) and (8)];
y
activation function [Eq. (3)];
yi
neuron output in the hidden layer [Eq. (4)];
α
identity function [Eq. (5)];
γ
mass density of SRG;
μ
spread of the Gaussian function [Eq. (4)];
σ
strength associated with the bond capacity [Eq. (1)];
σlim,conv
conventional stress limit;
σuf
tensile strength of the fiber sheet; and

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Go to Journal of Composites for Construction
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 28Issue 5October 2024

History

Received: Jul 11, 2023
Accepted: Apr 26, 2024
Published online: Jul 8, 2024
Published in print: Oct 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Dec 8, 2024

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Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-8018. Email: [email protected]
Maria Antonietta Aiello, Ph.D. [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Innovation Engineering, Univ. of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy. Email: [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-0442. Email: [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Univ. eCampus, 22060 Novedrate, Como, Italy. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-1376. Email: [email protected]

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