Characterization of Steel Wire– and Carbon/Glass Hybrid Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Bars in Compression
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 27, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper reports on the compressive properties of a new steel wire– and carbon/glass hybrid fiber–reinforced polymer (S-CG HFRP) bar. The influence of the carbon and glass fiber volume proportion (Vc/Vg), steel wire replacement ratio (Vs), fiber volume ratio (Vf), fiber arrangement, and ratio of the unbraced length to the bar diameter (Lu/d) on the compressive behavior of the S-CG HFRP bars was experimentally investigated. The failure mechanisms were analyzed, revealing that the failure mode changed from fiber microbuckling to fiber macrobuckling with an increase in Lu/d. Adding steel wires resulted in a decrease in the compressive modulus of the S-CG HFRP bars. The compressive strength of the S-CG HFRP bars was not effectively improved by adding steel wires or carbon fibers and was governed by the Lu/d ratio. The results showed that the compressive modulus and strength of the S-CG HFRP bars were approximately 90% and 28% of their tensile modulus and strength, respectively. Finally, the relationship between the compressive and tensile properties of the S-CG HFRP bars was established. Simplified empirical equations were proposed to estimate the compressive strengths of S-CG HFRP bars with different Lu/d ratios.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51978629).
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- Eca
- elastic modulus of the carbon fiber (GPa);
- Ec
- compressive modulus of the S-CG HFRP bar (GPa);
- Eg
- elastic modulus of the glass fiber (GPa);
- Ep
- predicted modulus for the S-CG HFRP bar (GPa);
- Es
- elastic modulus of the steel wire (GPa);
- FA
- fiber arrangement;
- d
- bar diameter (mm);
- compressive strength of the S-CG HFRP bar during crushing (MPa);
- fc
- compressive strength of the S-CG HFRP bar (MPa);
- fc/ft
- compressive-to-tensile strength ratio;
- fc/fy
- compressive-to-yielding strength ratio;
- fpc
- predicted compressive strength of the S-CG HFRP bar (MPa);
- ft
- tensile strength of the S-CG HFRP bar (MPa);
- fy
- yielding strength of the S-CG HFRP bar (MPa);
- k
- effective length factor for buckling;
- LT
- total length of the specimen (mm);
- Lu
- unbraced bar length (mm);
- Lu/d
- unbraced length-to-bar diameter ratio;
- r
- gyration radius of the bar (mm);
- Vc
- volume fraction of the carbon fiber (%);
- Vc/Vg
- carbon/glass fiber ratio;
- Vf
- fiber volume fraction (%);
- Vg
- volume fraction of the glass fiber (%);
- Vs
- steel wire replacement ratio (%);
- α
- reduction factor;
- β
- modified factor;
- ɛg
- ultimate strain of the glass fiber;
- ɛs
- yield strain of the steel wire;
- ϕ
- correlation factor;
- ψ
- reduction factor; and
- φ
- reduction factor.
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Received: Oct 1, 2022
Accepted: Apr 13, 2023
Published online: Jun 20, 2023
Published in print: Oct 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Nov 20, 2023
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