Distribution Characteristics of In Situ Stress Field for a Deep-Buried Tunnel in the Fault Area
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 6
Abstract
Understanding initial in situ stress is important for studying rock burst or large deformation problems in tunnels under high geostress. Field measurements and inversions of the in situ stress field in the Baima tunnel were taken to determine key controlling factors on disturbance of the in situ stress field in fault areas. The measured results showed that the magnitude of the maximum principal stress at the fault decreased and the direction deflected. Numerical experiments showed that the fault type, fault direction, fault width, rock bedding direction, elastic modulus ratio of the surrounding rock to the fault, and principal stress ratio all had different effects on the stress field in the fault area. The on-site rock mass parameters were obtained through the conversion of the geological strength index, and the in situ stress field distribution in the fault area under the influence of combined factors was clarified by using the inversion method of multiple linear regression. This study showed that the more the actual geological characteristics of the site are considered, the more realistic and accurate the inversion results of the site stress field are.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the High Speed Railway and Natural Science United Foundation of China (No. U1734205), the Transportation Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province, China (No. 2019ZL09), and the CSCEC Technology R & D Plan of China (No. CSCEC-2021-Z-26).
References
Anderson, E. M. 1905. “The dynamics of faulting.” Trans. Edinburgh Geol. Soc. 8 (3): 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1144/transed.8.3.387.
Bewick, R. P., P. K. Kaiser, and E. Amann. 2019. “Strength of massive to moderately jointed hard rock masses.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. 11 (3): 562–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.10.003.
Carlson, G., K. Johnson, R. Chuang, and J. Rupp. 2018. “Spatially varying stress state in the central US from Bayesian inversion of focal mechanism and in situ maximum horizontal stress orientation data.” J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 123 (5): 3871–3890. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb015158.
Castro, J., S. Cicero, and C. Sagaseta. 2016. “A criterion for brittle failure of rocks using the theory of critical distances.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (1): 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0728-8.
Chang, C., J. B. Lee, and T. S. Kang. 2010. “Interaction between regional stress state and faults: Complementary analysis of borehole in situ stress and earthquake focal mechanism in southeastern Korea.” Tectonophysics 485 (1–4): 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.012.
Chen, S., M. Xiao, J. Chen, and J. Ren. 2020a. “Disturbance law of faults to in-situ stress field directions and its inversion analysis method.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 39 (7): 1434–1444.
Chen, Y. F., K. Wei, W. Liu, S. H. Hu, R. Hu, and C. B. Zhou. 2016. “Experimental characterization and micromechanical modelling of anisotropic slates.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (9): 3541–3557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1009-x.
Chen, Z. Q., C. He, W. B. Yang, W. Q. Guo, Z. Li, and G. W. Xu. 2020b. “Impacts of geological conditions on instability causes and mechanical behavior of large-scale tunnels: A case study from the Sichuan–Tibet highway, China.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 79 (7): 3667–3688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01796-w.
Feng, C. J., P. Zhang, X. H. Qin, W. Meng, C. X. Tan, and Q. C. Chen. 2015. “Near-surface stress measurements in the Longmenshan fault belt after the 2008 Wenchuan M(s)8.0 earthquake.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 77: 358–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.03.017.
Hoek, E., C. Carranza-Torres, and B. Corkum. 2002. “Hoek–Brown failure criterion—2002 edition.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., North American Rock Mechanics Symp.-TAC, 267–273. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press.
Hoek, E., and M. S. Diederichs. 2006. “Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 43 (2): 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.06.005.
Huang, R. Q., Y. R. Li, K. Qu, and K. Wang. 2013. “Engineering geological assessment for route selection of railway line in geologically active area: A case study in China.” J. Mountain Sci. 10 (4): 495–508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-013-2660-2.
Jin, C. Y., Y. Lu, T. Han, T. Y. Chen, J. X. Cui, and D. X. Cheng. 2021. “Study on refined back-analysis method for stress field based on in situ and disturbed stresses.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (8): 04021141. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0002024.
Khanlari, G., B. Rafiei, and Y. Abdilor. 2015. “An experimental investigation of the Brazilian tensile strength and failure patterns of laminated sandstones.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 48 (2): 843–852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0576-y.
Li, G., Y. Mizuta, T. Ishida, H. Li, S. Nakama, and T. Sato. 2009. “Stress field determination from local stress measurements by numerical modelling.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 46 (1): 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.07.009.
Li, P., M. F. Cai, S. J. Miao, and Q. F. Guo. 2019a. “New insights into the current stress field around the Yishu Fault Zone, Eastern China.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 52 (10): 4133–4145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01792-x.
Li, Y. Q., R. Q. Lu, D. F. He, X. S. Wang, Y. D. Liu, X. W. Xu, X. B. Tan, and M. G. Cai. 2019b. “Transformation of coseismic faults in the northern Longmenshan tectonic belt, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for potential earthquakes and seismic risks.” J. Asian Earth Sci. 177: 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.03.013.
Li, Z. P., X. T. Liu, Y. Yang, and L. X. Bu. 2019c. “Influences of lithology on in-situ stress field in low permeability reservoirs in Bonan Oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin, China.” Pet. Explor. Dev. 46 (4): 729–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(19)60230-2.
Li, Z. Q., G. F. Liu, S. Q. Duan, S. F. Pei, and C. G. Yan. 2020. “Sensitivity analysis in the estimation of mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass based on the Hoek–Brown criterion.” Math. Probl. Eng. 2020: 9418905. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9418905.
Luo, Q. B., X. L. Chen, M. T. Gao, Z. C. Li, Z. Zhang, and D. Zhou. 2019a. “Simulating the near-fault large velocity pulses of the Chi-Chi (Mw7.6) earthquake with kinematic model.” J. Seismolog. 23 (1): 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-018-9791-4.
Luo, Q. B., F. Dai, Y. Liu, and X. L. Chen. 2020. “Simulating the near-field pulse-like ground motions of the Imperial Valley, California, earthquake.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 138: 106347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106347.
Luo, Y., L. Zhao, and J. H. Tian. 2019b. “Spatial and temporal variations of stress field in the Longmenshan Fault Zone after the 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake.” Tectonophysics 767: 228172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228172.
Matsushita, R., K. Imanishi, M. Ohtani, Y. Kuwahara, J. H. Chen, and S. L. Ma. 2020. “Seismic potential around the northeastern edge of the Longmenshan fault zone as inferred from seismological observations.” Pure Appl. Geophys. 177 (1): 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02098-3.
Meng, W., C. He, Z. H. Zhou, Y. Q. Li, Z. Q. Chen, F. Y. Wu, and H. Kou. 2021. “Application of the ridge regression in the back analysis of a virgin stress field.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 80 (3): 2215–2235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02043-y.
Ning, Y. B., H. M. Tang, J. V. Smith, B. C. Zhang, P. W. Shen, and G. C. Zhang. 2021. “Study of the in situ stress field in a deep valley and its influence on rock slope stability in Southwest China.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 80 (4): 3331–3350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02094-1.
Qian, L., T. Z. Yao, Z. G. Mo, J. H. Zhang, Y. H. Li, R. Zhang, N. W. Xu, and Z. G. Li. 2021. “GAN inversion method of an initial in situ stress field based on the lateral stress coefficient.” Sci. Rep. 11 (1): 21825. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01307-1.
Radwan, A. E., W. K. Abdelghany, and M. A. Elkhawaga. 2021. “Present-day in-situ stresses in Southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt: Insights for stress rotation in an extensional rift basin.” J. Struct. Geol. 147: 104334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2021.104334.
Saati, V., and A. Mortazavi. 2011. “Numerical modelling of in situ stress calculation using borehole slotter test.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 26 (1): 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.07.002.
Wang, Y. B., W. J. Gan, W. T. Chen, X. Z. You, and W. P. Lian. 2018. “Coseismic displacements of the 2017 Jiuzhaigou M7.0 earthquake observed by GNSS: Preliminary results.” Chin. J. Geophys. 61 (1): 161–170. https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg2018L0611.
Xiao, S. Y., L. J. Su, Y. J. Jiang, and Z. X. Liu. 2019. “Numerical analysis of hard rock blasting unloading effects in high in situ stress fields.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 78 (2): 867–875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1067-7.
Xu, D. P., X. Huang, Q. Jiang, S. J. Li, H. Zheng, S. L. Qiu, H. S. Xu, Y. H. Li, Z. G. Li, and X. D. Ma. 2021a. “Estimation of the three-dimensional in situ stress field around a large deep underground cavern group near a valley.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. 13 (3): 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.11.007.
Xu, D. Y., Q. T. Hu, and H. Si. 2021b. “Measurement and inversion of the stress distribution in a coal and rock mass with a fault.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (11): 6021029. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0002184.
Yao, T. Z., Z. G. Mo, L. Qian, J. H. He, and J. H. Zhang. 2021. “Local stress field correction method based on a genetic algorithm and a BP neural network for in situ stress field inversion.” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2021: 4396168. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4396168.
Zhang, L. Q., Z. Q. Yue, Z. F. Yang, J. X. Qi, and F. C. Liu. 2006. “A displacement-based back-analysis method for rock mass modulus and horizontal in situ stress in tunneling—Illustrated with a case study.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 21 (6): 636–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.001.
Zhao, X. G., et al. 2013. “In-situ stress measurements and regional stress field assessment of the Beishan area, China.” Eng. Geol. 163: 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.05.020.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 6 • June 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 13, 2022
Accepted: Jan 23, 2023
Published online: Apr 12, 2023
Published in print: Jun 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Sep 12, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.