Influence of Strain Rate on the Physical–Mechanical Characteristics and Pore Structure of Sandstone in the Shanxi-Tong Chuan Reservoir Region Subjected to Sulfate Attack
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 3
Abstract
The fracture toughness (KIC) of Mode I cracked sandstone exposed to sodium sulfate was investigated in this study. The uniaxial behavior of sandstone specimens soaked in different sodium sulfate solutions was determined for different strain rates. The results revealed that the strain rate has a significant and positive influence on the deformation and strength characteristics of sandstone. Compression strength gradually increased with strain rate at an increased slope, but peak strain decreased gradually with an increase in strain rate. The physical–mechanical characteristics and brittleness of sandstone gradually declined with increasing immersion time under sodium sulfate attack, but its plasticity increased significantly. There were holes and pitting corrosions in specimen surfaces exposed to sodium sulfate attack, and the edges and corners were somewhat weakened. Chemical damage variables were proposed to analyze the damage degree of sandstone, based on the change in porosity. Based on the testing results, regression analysis was conducted to determine the relations between ion concentrations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) in corresponding sodium sulfate solutions and for corresponding degrees of damage, and indirectly realize correlations between physical–mechanical characteristics, damage degree, and ion concentration.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the funds of the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial of China (Grant Number 2021JQ-463), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 11302167, 11872300, and 11572244), and the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 51520105012).
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- a
- straight-incision depth (mm);
- B
- specimen width (mm);
- [Ca2+]
- Ca2+ ion concentration (mmol/L);
- D
- chemical damage variable;
- KIC
- fracture toughness (MPa · m1/2);
- [Mg2+]
- Mg2+ ion concentration (mmol/L);
- n(i0)
- porosity of saturated sandstone specimens in natural state (%);
- n(it)
- porosity of saturated sandstone specimens (%);
- Pmax
- load leading to fracture failure (N);
- R2
- fitting coefficient of determination;
- Sd
- distance between two supporting points (mm);
- W
- height of sample (mm);
- ɛ1
- peak strain of sandstone (%);
- vp
- P-wave velocity of sandstone (m/s); and
- σ
- peak strength of sandstone (MPa).
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Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 3 • March 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 5, 2021
Accepted: Sep 18, 2022
Published online: Dec 20, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 20, 2023
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