AASHTO. See American Association of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsABS. See American Bureau of ShippingACI. See American Concrete InstituteACI 31810Age of bridge structure3AISC. See American Institute of Steel ConstructionAllowable stress design (ASD)49American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)8–10application of10Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works9Guide Specifications for Wind Loads on Bridges during Construction11Load and Resistance Factor Design Bridge Construction Specifications9Load and Resistance Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications9Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE)9Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges9American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)45American Concrete Institute (ACI)10American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)10American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA)10–11Analysis methods in demolition engineering6AREMA. See American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way AssociationASCE Code of Ethics6ASD. See allowable stress designAsphalt milling machines30–31Bridge construction guidesAASHTO Guide Specifications for Wind Loads on Bridges during Construction11Federal Highway Administration Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction11Wisconsin Department of Transportation Development of a Bridge Construction Live Load Analysis Guide11Bridge demolitionengineering1–6analysis considerations6partial versus complete demolition5planning1–2, 4, 6, 81–83public safety in6right demolition method, selection of2–5roles and responsibilities1–2equipment and tools for17–47cutting31–35heavy lift40–47overview17protection/material management systems35–40removal18–31temporary bracing/shoring systems40with explosives2, 67–79overview67preparation for70–77project team, roles for67–68selection, motives for69–70structural engineering considerations77–79manuals and specifications for7–14design codes8–12overview7–8owner-referenced specifications and standards12–14Bridge Demolition Practices (Garlich and Simpson)7Bridge types3–4Bubble curtains71Bucket21Bucket and thumb21–22Burning bar. See thermal lanceChecklist for bridge demolition plans81–83Complete versus partial bridge demolition5Concrete core hole saws32Concrete cutting equipment32–33Construction engineers68Contract documents2Contractors2, 67–68Cranes23–27allowable working hours27lift plan25maximum working radius/capacity26–27mobilization27project site and26removal equipment loads59–61tandem picks26types23, 25Critical lifts25Cutting equipment31–35concrete32–33pile cutters34–35steel34Dead loads49–51determination of50–51lifted loads51overview49–50Deck/floor system removal77Demolition operations8Demolition plan, engineered1–2, 4, 6, 81–83Demo saws34Design codes for bridge demolition8–12AASHTO documents8–10application of10Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works9Load and Resistance Factor Design Bridge Construction Specifications9Load and Resistance Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications9Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE)9ACI 31810American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association10–11bridge construction guidesAASHTO Guide Specifications for Wind Loads on Bridges during Construction11Federal Highway Administration Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction11Wisconsin Department of Transportation Development of a Bridge Construction Live Load Analysis Guide11; current and existing research12overview8railroad agency specifications12state-specific specifications11Steel Construction Manual (AISC)10Drop zones71–72Engineered demolition plan1–2, 4, 6, 81–83Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction (FHWA)51Equipment and tools for bridge demolition17–47cutting equipment31–35concrete32–33pile cutters34–35steel34heavy lift equipment40–47span float-out barges44–47SPMTs43–44strand jacks40–42overview17protection/material management systems35–40fencing and netting37–38modular barges36–37protective shielding37–38railroad track protection38–40removal equipment18–31cranes23–27excavators18–23rigging27–29typical support equipment29–31temporary bracing/shoring systems40Excavators18–23parts of18removal equipment loads53–59development54overview53–54track pressure development54–59second member attachments19–20with shears34sizes/classes19third member attachments19, 21tool attachments used for demolition21–23bucket21bucket and thumb21–22grapple21, 23hydraulic hammer/hoe-ram21, 23processor22, 24pulverizer/muncher22, 25shear22, 24slab bucket21–22zero-tail swing18Explosives contractors/engineers68Explosives in bridge demolition2, 67–79overview67preparation for70–77drop zone considerations71–72nonstructural76–77pier implosion/explosion70precutting existing structures73–76protection of surrounding structures70–71weight reduction, removal of structures for72–73project team, roles for67–68construction engineers68explosives contractor/explosives engineer68general contractors67–68selection, motives for69–70condition of existing structure69cost and schedule69safety69structure type69structural engineering considerations77–79deck/floor system removal77load effects on remaining structure78–79main load-carrying members with precuts77secondary bracing members with precuts77–78Federal Highway Administration Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction11Fencing and netting37–38Flying debris protection70Front-end loaders30General contractors67–68Grapple21, 23Guide Design Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works (AASHTO)9Guidelines for Preparation of a Bridge Demolition and Removal Plan for Structures Over Railroad12Guidelines for Preparation of Bridge Preparation and Removal Plan over the BNSF Railway12Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Railroad Overpasses and Underpasses12Handheld grinders/shears34Haul trucks29Heavy lift equipment40–47span float-out barges44–47SPMTs43–44strand jacks40–42Hydraulic hammer/hoe-ram21, 23Incidental/minimum lateral loading64Lifted loads51Live loads51–53material storage and shielding53overview51–52uniform52LMIs. See load moment indicatorsLoad and Resistance Factor Design Bridge Construction Specifications (AASHTO)9Load and Resistance Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications (AASHTO)9Load and resistance factor design (LRFD)49Load moment indicators (LMIs)51Loads49–65dead49–51determination of50–51lifted loads51overview49–50live51–53material storage and shielding53overview51–52uniform52miscellaneous63–65incidental/minimum lateral loading64locked-in forces65snow and ice loads63wind loads63–64removal equipment53–63cranes59–61dynamic load allowance/impact62–63excavators53–59miscellaneous equipment61–62overview53Locked-in forces65LRFD. See load and resistance factor designManual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE, AASHTO)9Manual for Railway Engineering (AREMA)11Manuals and specifications for bridge demolition7–14design codes8–12overview7–8owner-referenced specifications and standards12–14Modular barges36–37Oxygen-acetylene torch34Partial versus complete bridge demolition5Personnel access31Pier implosion/explosion70Pile cutters34–35Precutting existing structures73–76Predemolition safety meeting2, 5Processor22, 24Protection/material management systems35–40fencing and netting37–38modular barges36–37protective shielding37–38railroad track protection38–40Protective shielding37–38Public Project Information: For Construction and Improvement of Projects That May Involve the Railroad12Public safety in bridge demolition6Pulverizer/muncher22, 25Railroad track protection38–40Removal equipment loadsdynamic load allowance/impact62–63miscellaneous equipment61–62Removal equipments18–31cranes23–27excavators18–23loads53–63cranes59–61excavators53–59overview53rigging27–29typical support equipment29–31Residual forces. See locked-in forcesRigging for demolition27–29design28–29elementsconnecting28slings27spreader beams and bars (lifting beams)27Rivet busters34Roles and responsibilities, demolition project1–2Safety2, 5–6, 69Self-propelled modular transporters (SPMTs)43–44Shear22, 24Skid steers30Slab bucket21–22Slab saws32Slings27Snow and ice loads63Span float-out barges44–47SPMTs. See self-propelled modular transportersSpreader beams and bars (lifting beams)27Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (AASHTO)9State-specific specifications11Steel Construction Manual (AISC)10Steel cutting equipment34Strand jacks40–42Strength II load10Subcontractors2Surrounding structures, protection of70–71Temporary bracing/shoring systems40Thermal lance34–35Typical support equipment29–31asphalt milling machines30–31front-end loaders30haul trucks29personnel access31skid steers30water trucks/sprayers29Uniform distributed loads52Wall saws32–33Water trucks/sprayers29Weight reduction, removal of structures for72–73Wheel contact area for rubber-tired equipment62Wind loads63–64Wire saws33Wisconsin Department of Transportation Development of a Bridge Construction Live Load Analysis Guide11Zero-tail swing excavators18
