Evaluating the Temperature Sensitivity of a Capacitance Sensor for Measuring Soil Volumetric Water Content and Electrical Conductivity
Publication: Geo-Congress 2024
ABSTRACT
Climate change and subsequent sea level rise is a global challenge that will have adverse effects on coastal infrastructure. As ocean levels rise, soil water content and pore fluid salinity will change, affecting multiple components of total suction (e.g., matric suction and osmotic suction). This in turn has the potential to change the compressibility and shear strength behavior of soils. Within the realm of unsaturated soil behavior, assessing a soil’s volumetric water content accurately is crucial for characterizing the soil’s thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior. Traditionally, a soil’s volumetric water content can be inferred utilizing sensors that measure the dielectric properties of the soil. Previous studies have shown that the volumetric water content measured based on dielectric permittivity can be influenced by changes in temperature. Therefore, in order to accurately assess a soil’s volumetric water content, an experimental study was conducted to develop a soil-specific calibration model that accounts for the effects of temperature, which can be implemented with commercially available soil volumetric water content sensors. To develop the calibration model, several soil samples instrumented with a capacitance sensor were prepared at various levels of bulk density, volumetric water content, and electrical conductivity. These samples were then hermetically sealed and subjected to temperatures changes ranging from 20°C to 50°C in order to assess the sensor’s performance under different temperature conditions. Results from this study indicate that changes in temperature affect the sensor’s ability to accurately measure volumetric water content and dielectric permittivity. A series of calibration models are proposed to account for these temperature effects, in order to enhance the sensor’s performance under changing environmental conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
ASTM. ASTM D2487. (2011). Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Campbell Scientific. (2022). “CR6 Measurement and Control Datalogger”., Campbell Scientific, Logan UT.
Blonquist, J. M., Jr., Jones, S. B., and Robinson, D. A. (2005). Standardizing characterization of electromagnetic water content sensors: Part 2. Evaluation of seven sensing systems. VZJ, 4(4), 1059–1069, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0141.
Bogena, H. R., Herbst, M., Huisman, J. A., Rosenbaum, U., Weuthen, A., and Vereecken, H. (2010). Potential of wireless sensor networks for measuring soil water content variability. VZJ, 9(4), 1002–1013, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2009.0173.
Bañón, S., Ochoa, J., Bañón, D., Ortuño, M. F., and Sánchez-Blanco, M. J. (2020). “Assessment of the Combined Effect of Temperature and Salinity on the Outputs of Soil Dielectric Sensors in Coconut Fiber.” Sustainability, 12(16), 6577.
Chanzy, A., Gaudu, J. C., and Marloie, O. (2012). “Correcting the Temperature Influence on Soil Capacitance Sensors Using Diurnal Temperature and Water Content Cycles.” Sensors, 12(7), 9773–9790.
Corwin, D. L., and Lesch, S. M. (2005). Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Agriculture.” Comput. Electron. Agric., 46(1), 11–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2004.10.005.
Davis, J., and Chudobiak, W. J. (1975). In Situ Meter for Measuring Relative Permittivity of Soils. Geol Survey of Canada. Energy, Mines and Resources of Canada, Ottawa, Paper 75-1A:75.
Drnevich, V. P., Lin, C. P., Yi, Q., and Lovell, J. E. (2001). Real-Time Determination of Soil Type, Water Content, and Density Using Electromagnetics., https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284313300.
Gupta, S. C., and Hanks, R. J. (1972). “Influence of Water Content on Electrical Conductivity of the Soil.” Soil Science Society of America Journal, 36(6), 855–857.
Iezzoni, H. M., and McCartney, J. S. (2016). Calibration of Capacitance Sensors for Compacted Silt in Non-Isothermal Applications. Geotech. Test. J., 39(2), 20150056, https://doi.org/10.1520/gtj20150056.
Ladd, R. (1978). “Preparing Test Specimens Using Undercompaction.” Geotech. Test. J., 1(1), 16–23.
Meehan, C. L., and Talebi, M. (2017). “A method for correcting field strain measurements to account for temperature effects.” Geotext. Geomembr., 45(4), 250–260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.02.005.
Pepin, S., Livingston, N. J., and Hook, W. R. (1995). “Temperature-Dependent Measurement Errors in Time Domain Reflectometry Determinations of Soil Water.” SSSAJ, 59(1), 38–43, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900010006x.
Persson, M., and Berndtsson, R. (1998). “Texture and Electrical Conductivity Effects on Temperature Dependency in Time Domain Reflectometry.” SSSAJ, 62(4), 887–893.
Rhoades, J. (1983). Soluble Salts. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 9, 167–179.
Rhoades, J. D. (1993). “Electrical Conductivity Methods for Measuring and Mapping Soil Salinity.” In D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Adv. in Agronomy (Vol. 49, pp. 201–251). Academic Press.
Sparks, D. L. (2003). Environmental Soil Chemistry, Second Edition. Elsevier Science.
Topp, G. C., Davis, J. L., and Annan, A. P. (1980). “Electromagnetic Determination of Soil Water Content: Measurements in Coaxial Transmission Lines.” Water Resour. Res., 16(3), 574–582, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i003p00574.
Wraith, J. M., and Or, D. (1999). “Temperature Effects on Soil Bulk Dielectric Permittivity Measured by Time Domain Reflectometry: Experimental Evidence and Hypothesis Development.” Water Resour. Res., 35(2), 361–369, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900006.
Zhang, Y., Ayyub, B. M., Zhang, D., Huang, H., and Saadat, Y. (2019). “Impact of Water Level Rise on Urban Infrastructures: Washington, DC, and Shanghai as Case Studies.” Risk Analysis, 39(12), 2718–2731, https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13390.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Published online: Feb 22, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Engineering fundamentals
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hydrologic engineering
- Hydrologic properties
- Hydrology
- Measurement (by type)
- Sensors and sensing
- Soil analysis
- Soil dynamics
- Soil mechanics
- Soil properties
- Soil suction
- Soil water
- Temperature measurement
- Volume measurement
- Water and water resources
- Water content
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.