Centrifuge Modeling of Cone Penetration Testing and Dewatering of Coal Combustion Product Deposits
Publication: Geo-Congress 2024
ABSTRACT
Damage to embankments containing slurry-deposited coal combustion product (CCP) can lead to static liquefaction or slope failure, resulting in the release of the contained material. Characterization of the mechanical and hydraulic properties of CCP deposits provides the fundamental basis for the design, operation, and closure of CCP facilities. In this study, centrifuge experiments were performed to evaluate the changes in the cone penetration test (CPT) tip resistance (qc) due to differences in drainage conditions and the location of the water table within an initially dense fly ash deposit. To accomplish this, centrifuge equipment that enables dewatering and rewetting of CCP deposits in flight was built and commissioned. Test results show the dependency of the CPT qc on the penetration rate, consisting of an increase in qc as the penetration conditions transition from drained to undrained due to the dense state of the deposit that led to the generation of negative excess pore pressures during penetration. The changes in pore water pressure/suction, gravimetric water content, CPT qc, and shear wave velocity during dewatering and rewetting were monitored to deduce changes in fly ash strength and stiffness. The finding can help develop or refine correlations between the CPT tip resistance and the in situ state of CCP deposits as well as relate properties measured in the laboratory to the in situ hydraulic response of CCPs.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Been, K., and M. G. Jefferies. (1985). “A state parameter for sands.” Géotechnique, 35 (2): 99–112.
DeJong, J. T., and M. Randolph. (2012). “Influence of Partial Consolidation during Cone Penetration on Estimated Soil Behavior Type and Pore Pressure Dissipation Measurements.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138 (7): 777–788.
Dominguez-Quintans, C., J. A. H. Carraro, and L. Zdravkovic. (2023). “A Critical Assessment of the Effect of Initial Fabric on Key Small-Strain Design Parameters of Slurry-Deposited Silts and Sands.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 149 (7): 04023047.
EPRI. (2021). Geotechnical Centrifuge Tests to Assess Stability of Slurry-Deposited Coal Fly Ash: Runout and Dewatering Behavior Analysis. Palo Alto, CA. (3002020566).
Jacobsz, S. W. (2018). “Low Cost Tensiometers for Geotechnical Applications.” Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018, ICPMG 2018, Taylor & Francis, London, UK, 305–10.
Jefferies, M., and K. Been. (2015). Soil Liquefaction: A Critical State Approach, Second Edition. CRC Press, London.
Kim, J. H., Y. W. Choo, D. J. Kim, and D. S. Kim. (2016). “Miniature Cone Tip Resistance on Sand in a Centrifuge.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 142 (3): 04015090.
Lee, J.-S., and J. C. Santamarina. (2005). “Bender Elements: Performance and Signal Interpretation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131 (9): 1063–1070.
Madabhushi, S. S. C., K. O. Hara, A. V. Martinez, D. W. Wilson, R. W. Boulanger, B. L. Kutter, and K. Ladwig. (2020). “Centrifuge Modeling of Fly Ash Deposit Dewatering.” Geo-Congress 2020, ASCE, Reston, VA, 20–28.
Madabhushi, S. S. C., S. B. Follett, A. Martinez, D. W. Wilson, and B. Gallagher. (2022). “Investigating the Use of Centrifuge Modeling and Miniature CPTs to Characterize the Run-Out Behavior of Fly Ash.” Geo-Congress 2022, ASCE, Reston, VA, 495–504.
Plewes, H. D., M. P. Davies, and M. G. Jefferies. (1992). “CPT based screen-ing procedure for evaluation liquefaction susceptibility.” Proc., 45th Canadian Geotechnical Conf, Canadian Geotechnical Society, Toronto.
Price, A. B., R. W. Boulanger, and J. T. DeJong. (2019). “Centrifuge Modeling of Variable-Rate Cone Penetration in Low-Plasticity Silts.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 145 (11): 04019098.
Robertson, P. K. (2010). “Evaluation of Flow Liquefaction and Liquefied Strength Using the Cone Penetration Test.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 136 (6): 842–853.
Robertson, P. K. (2016). “Cone penetration test (CPT)-based soil behaviour type (SBT) classification system — an update.” Can. Geotech. J., 53 (12): 1910–1927.
Salgado, R. (2014). “Experimental Research on Cone Penetration Resistance.” Geo-Congress 2014 Keynote Lectures, ASCE, Reston, VA, 140–163.
Shuttle, D., and M. Jefferies. (2016). “Determining silt state from CPTu.” Geotechnical Research, 3 (3): 90–118.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Published online: Feb 22, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Centrifuge models
- Concrete pipes
- Continuum mechanics
- Dewatering
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Environmental engineering
- Geotechnical engineering
- Geotechnical investigation
- Hydration
- Hydraulic engineering
- Hydraulic properties
- Infrastructure
- Laminating
- Materials engineering
- Materials processing
- Mine wastes
- Models (by type)
- Penetration tests
- Pipeline systems
- Pipes
- Pollutants
- Pressure (type)
- Solid mechanics
- Waste management
- Waste treatment
- Wastes
- Water and water resources
- Water pressure
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.