Chapter
Jan 25, 2024

Towards a Robust Deep Learning-Based Scale Inference Approach in Construction Drawings

Publication: Computing in Civil Engineering 2023

ABSTRACT

Engineering drawings from various domains, for example, the construction industry, exhibit the geometry of the contained components in certain scales. The drawing’s real-world scale is not necessarily stored as meta information with the drawing file. This information is only implicitly contained by dimension lines. This paper presents a multistage pipeline to infer the true scale using deep learning-based methods and logical reasoning. By using the state-of-the-art object detection method YOLOv7 and the robust optical character recognition model EasyOCR, the proposed approach localizes each dimension line and interprets their respective length. The global scale of the drawing is determined by a voting scheme resulting in the most likely pixel-resolution. The method is tested on bridge construction drawings and shows promising results in all stages of the pipeline. The authors plan to publish the trained model weights together with the source code.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.

REFERENCES

Baek, Y., Lee, B., Han, D., Yun, S., and Lee, H. (2019). “Character Region Awareness for Text Detection.” Proc., IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Long Beach, CA, USA, 19365–19374.
Bochkovskiy, A., Wang, C.-Y., and Liao, H.-Y. M. (2020). “YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detection.”.
Faltin, B., Schönfelder, P., and König, M. (2023). “Inferring Interconnections of Construction Drawings for Bridges Using Deep Learning-based Methods.” eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction: Proc., International Symposium on Product and Process Modeling (ECPPM), Trondheim, Norway, Eilif Hjelseth, Sujesh F. Sujan, Raimar J. Scherer, eds. CRC Press, London, 343–350.
Gimenez, L., Robert, S., Suard, F., and Zreik, K. (2016). “Automatic reconstruction of 3D building models from scanned 2D floor plans.” Autom. Contr., 63, 48–56.
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., and Sun, J. (2016). “Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition.” Proc., IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 770–778.
Jang, H., Yu, K., and Yang, J. (2020). “Indoor Reconstruction from Floorplan Images with a Deep Learning Approach.” ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9(2), 65.
Kang, S. O., Lee, E. B., and Baek, H. K. (2019). “A Digitization and Conversion Tool for Imaged Drawings to Intelligent Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID).” Energies, 12(13), 2593.
Kim, H., Kim, S., and Yu, K. (2021). “Automatic Extraction of Indoor Spatial Information from Floor Plan Image: A Patch-Based Deep Learning Methodology Application on Large-Scale Complex Buildings.” ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10(12), 828.
Liu, C., Wu, J., Kohli, P., and Furukawa, Y. (2017). “Raster-to-Vector: Revisiting Floorplan Transformation.” Proc., IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Venice, Italy, 2214–2222.
Lv, X., Zhao, S., Yu, X., and Zhao, B. (2021). “Residential Floor Plan Recognition and Reconstruction.” Proc., IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Nashville, TN, USA, 16717–16726.
Mani, S., Haddad, M. A., Constantini, D., Douhard, W., Li, Q., and Poirier, L. (2020). “Automatic Digitization of Engineering Diagrams Using Deep Learning and Graph Search.” Proc., IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), Seattle, WA, USA, 176–177.
Moreno-García, C. F., Elyan, E., and Jayne, C. (2019). “New trends on digitisation of complex engineering drawings.” Neural Comput. & Applic., 31(6), 1695–1712.
Padilla, R., Passos, W., Dias, T., Netto, S., and Silva, E. (2021). “A Comparative Analysis of Object Detection Metrics with a Companion Open-Source Toolkit.” Electronics, 10(3), 279.
Shi, B., Bai, X., and Yao, C. (2018). “An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-Based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognition.” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 39(11), 2298–2304.
Surikov, I., Nakhatovich, M., Belyaev, S., and Savchuk, D. (2020). “Floor Plan Recognition and Vectorization Using Combination UNet, Faster-RCNN, Statistical Component Analysis and Ramer-Douglas-Peucker.” Computing Science, Communication and Security. COMS2 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, N. Chaubey, S. Parikh and K. Amin, eds. Springer, Singapore, vol 1235, 16–28.
Toumpa, A., Kouris, A., Dimeas, F., and Aspragathos, N. (2018). “Control of a line following robot based on FSM estimation.” IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(22), 542–547.
Yang, J., Jang, H., Kim, J., and Kim, J. (2018). “Semantic Segmentation in Architectural Floor Plans for Detecting Walls and Doors.” 11th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI), Beijing, China, 1–9.
Wang, C.-Y., Bochkovskiy, A., and Liao, H.-Y. M. (2022). “YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors.”.
Zhao, Y., Deng, X., and Lai, H. (2021). “Reconstructing BIM from 2D structural drawings for existing buildings.” Autom. Contr., 128, 103750.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Computing in Civil Engineering 2023
Computing in Civil Engineering 2023
Pages: 721 - 728

History

Published online: Jan 25, 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

ASCE Technical Topics:

Authors

Affiliations

Benedikt Faltin [email protected]
1Computing in Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr Univ. Bochum, Germany. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-7817. Email: [email protected]
Phillip Schönfelder [email protected]
2Computing in Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr Univ. Bochum, Germany. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-436X. Email: [email protected]
Markus König [email protected]
3Computing in Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr Univ. Bochum, Germany. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-7743. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Paper
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$266.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Paper
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$266.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share