Chapter
Jan 25, 2024

Development of a VR Training Platform for Active Shooter Incident Preparedness in Healthcare Environments via a Stakeholder-Engaged Process

Publication: Computing in Civil Engineering 2023

ABSTRACT

Healthcare workers face a unique set of challenges during active shooter incidents. Due to job responsibilities and mobility issues, healthcare workers and patients are vulnerable in these types of scenarios. This study aims to develop a VR training platform to prepare healthcare workers for active shooter incidents. To achieve the goals of this study, we went through a collaborative process with stakeholders to identify the unique circumstances for healthcare workers and environments. To achieve the desired characteristics for the platform, we followed a four-component design framework consisting of the development of a representative virtual environment, a behavior-based storyline, interactive features, and an autonomous feedback system. In describing the detailed design of the four components, this paper presents a case study for researchers who are seeking to develop platforms that need user adaption and acceptance.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.

REFERENCES

Ai-Lim Lee, E., Wong, K. W., and Fung, C. C. (2010). “How does desktop virtual reality enhance learning outcomes? A structural equation modeling approach.” Computers & Education, 55(4), 1424–1442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.06.006.
Becerik-Gerber, B., Lucas, G., Aryal, A., Awada, M., Bergés, M., Billington, S., and Zhu, R. (2022). “The field of human building interaction for convergent research and innovation for intelligent built environments.” Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25047-y.
Burwell, S. M., Bauer, N., Boyce, D. R., and Kaplowitz, L. G. (2014). Incorporating Active Shooter Incident Planning into Health Care Facility Emergency Operations Plans. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Washington, DC.
Collis, B., and Moonen, J. (2012). Flexible learning in a digital world: Experiences and expectations. Routledge.
Dalgarno, B., and Lee, M. J. W. (2010). “What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments?” British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(1), 10–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x.
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation). (2021). Active Shooter Incidents 20-Year Review, 2000-2019. Federal Bureau of Investigation, US Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.
HPHSCC (Healthcare and Public Health Sector Coordinating Council). (2017). Active Shooter Planning and Response.
Kelen, G. D., Catlett, C. L., Kubit, J. G., and Hsieh, Y.-H. (2012). “Hospital-Based Shootings in the United States: 2000 to 2011.” Annals of Emergency Medicine, 60(6), 790–798.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.08.012.
Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. FT Press.
Kujala, J., Sachs, S., Leinonen, H., Heikkinen, A., and Laude, D. (2022). “Stakeholder engagement: Past, present, and future.” Business & Society, 61(5), 1136–1196.
Liu, R., Zhu, R., Becerik-Gerber, B., Lucas, G. M., and Southers, E. G. (2023a). “Be prepared: How training and emergency type affect evacuation behaviour.” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12812.
Liu, R., Becerik-Gerber, B., and Lucas, G. M. (2023b). “Effectiveness of VR-based training on improving occupants’ response and preparedness for active shooter incidents.” Safety Science, 164, 106175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106175.
Sanchez, L., Young, V. B., and Baker, M. (2018). “Active Shooter Training in the Emergency Department: A Safety Initiative.” Journal of Emergency Nursing, 44(6), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.07.002.
The Joint Commission. (2021). Quick Safety 4: Preparing for active shooter situations. The Joint Commission, Division of Health Care Improvement.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Computing in Civil Engineering 2023
Computing in Civil Engineering 2023
Pages: 45 - 53

History

Published online: Jan 25, 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

ASCE Technical Topics:

Authors

Affiliations

Ruying Liu, P.E. [email protected]
1Sonny Astani Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Email: [email protected]
Burçin Becerik-Gerber [email protected]
2Dean’s Professor, Sonny Astani Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Email: [email protected]
Gale M. Lucas, Ph.D. [email protected]
3USC Institute for Creative Technologies, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Email: [email protected]
Kelly Busta [email protected]
4Office of Threat Assessment and Management, Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Paper
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$164.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Paper
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$164.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share