Back Matter for Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling in Water Infrastructure

Accuracy of model

42

Activated sludge (AS) process

10–11. See also biological process models

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

1

ASME

. See American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Aspect ratio, mesh

15

Biological process models

10–11

Boundary conditions

19–23

degassing

21

errors

44

mass-flow inlet

20

outflow

21

periodic

22

porous jump

22

pressure inlet

20

pressure outlet

21

symmetry

22

turbulence closure conditions

23

velocity inlet

20

velocity outlet

20

wall

21

Boundary layer mesh

16–18

Boundedness

42

CAD model error

43

Calibration

45–46

Cell zone conditions

23

CFD

. See computational fluid dynamics

Chemical process models

11

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

1

biological process models

10–11

boundary conditions

19–23

calibration in

45–46

case complexity

6–7

cell zone conditions

23

chemical process models

11

coordinate systems

7–8

coupled vs. segregated solver for

26–27

discretization of equations for

25–26

documentation

49–50

domain geometry

8–9

framework

3

FVM for

25

grid independence tests for

37–40

guidelines

1

industrial applications

6

initial conditions

19–23

meshing in

13–18

modeling of chlorine contact basins

2

numerical methods

25–30

physical process models

9–10

practices

1–2

problem formulation

phase

6

scale of

9;

quality control for

51–52

reporting of

49–50

software packages

8

stability and convergence of

27–28

timescales

8

turbulence closure conditions

23

turbulence schemes for

33–35

two-dimensional versus three-dimensional modeling approaches, adequacy of

7

uncertainty in engineering

42–45

use of

53

verification and validation (V&V) for

41–46

wastewater applications

2

in water design projects

1–2

Convergence/stability, controlling rate of

27–28

solution initialization

28

time-dependent solutions

28

underrelaxation factors

27

Coordinate systems

7–8

Coupled vs. segregated solver

26–27

Courant–Federich–Lewy (CFL) condition

28

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) strategy

33

Dirichlet boundary condition

19–23

Discretization errors

44

Discretization of equations

25–26

Documentation

49–50

Domain geometry

8–9

Energy conservation

42

Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI)

2

Equiangular skewness, mesh

15

Eulerian method

6–7

EWRI

. See Environmental and Water Resources Institute

Finite volume

25

Finite volume method (FVM)

25

Grid independence tests

37–40

case study

38–40

for sufficient grid resolution

37–38

Hybrid meshing

13–15, 17

Initial conditions

19–23

Jacobian determinant, mesh

15

Lagrangian method

6–7

Large-Eddy simulation (LES)

33

LES

. See large-Eddy simulation

Mass conservation

42

Mathematical model error

43

Mesh/meshing

13–18

aspect ratio

15

boundary layer

16–18

in cell connectivity

13, 15

characteristics of

13–15

equiangular skewness

15

hybrid

13–15, 17

Jacobian determinant

15

metrics

15

nonorthogonality

15

parts of

15

quality

13, 15

size

16

strategy

16–18

structured

13–15

types

13–15

unstructured

13–16

Momentum conservation

42

Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations

25, 33

direct numerical simulation strategy for

33

large-Eddy simulation for

33

RANS closure models for

34–35

RANS strategies for

34

Neumann boundary condition

19

Nonorthogonality, mesh

15

Numerical errors

43

Numerical methods for CFD

25–30

convergence/stability, controlling rate of

27–28

solution initialization

28

time-dependent solutions

28

underrelaxation factors

27

coupled vs. segregated solver

26–27

discretization of equations

25–26

schemes, choice of

29–30

OpenFOAM V6 User Guide, 29

Physical process models

9–10

Postprocessing error

44

Problem formulation phase

6

Process models of CFD

9

biological

10–11

chemical

11

physical

9–10

Quality control for CFD

51–52

definition

51

importance

52

procedures

51–52

RANS closure models

34–35

Realizability

42

Reporting, CFD model

49–50

Representation errors

44

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations

29, 34–35

Scale of CFD problems

9

Software errors

44

Software packages

8

Solution initialization

28

Structured meshing

13–15

Time-dependent solutions

28

Timescales

8

Turbulence closure conditions

23

Turbulence schemes

33–35

direct numerical simulation strategy

33

large-Eddy simulation

33

RANS closure models

34–35

RANS strategies

34

Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional CFD modeling approaches

7

Uncertainty in engineering, CFD

42–45

Underrelaxation

27

Unstructured meshing

13–16

User errors

43–44

Validation errors

44

Verification and validation (V&V) for CFD model

41–46

accuracy

42

attributes

41–42

boundedness

42

calibration

45–46

energy conservation

42

mass conservation

42

momentum conservation

42

process

45–46

realizability

42

sequencing

45

sources of uncertainty in engineering

42–45

Vortex particle separators

9