TOD Typology Considering the Coupling of Urban Center Structure and Metro Network

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has significant advantages such as enhancing economy, reducing carbon emissions, and improving urban accessibility due to its intensive development model. A typological study of TOD can facilitate targeted development management. Previous typological studies have focused more on assessing the development level of TOD at the station level, with ignoring the coupling of the land use with the metro network at the macro level, and thus may lead to a lack of evaluation context. Therefore, taking Beijing as an example, this paper analyzes the polycentric structure distribution of the city from a macro perspective by applying multi-source data such as location-based service (LBS), point of interest (POI), and remote sensing (RS). Then, based on the coupling characteristics of urban center and metro network, the node value-place value-market potential value evaluation model of metro stations is proposed. Finally, applying the k-means++ algorithm, the metro station is divided into six types, and the spatial distribution and enhancement strategies of the metro station types are then discussed. This study finds that in the metropolitan, land development forms a spatial polycentric structure with the metro network as the backbone, and the mode of transportation-led urban development has been formed. While at the station level, the characteristics of different land uses lead to differentiated TOD hierarchy, and a metro development strategy oriented to land-transportation integration is needed. The cross-cutting analysis proposed by the research findings provides new ideas for planners, and the conclusions reveal the importance of “adaptation to local conditions” in the practice of TOD.