Specifications, Procedures, and Fittings for Tapping and Plugging to Achieve Effective Pipeline Modification and Repair

Although some civil engineers may be aware of the general concept of tapping into and plugging a pipeline in order to accomplish repair or reconfiguration of piping systems while maintaining service, there are others that are unfamiliar with the process. This is because the information in public references and standards commonly used by civil engineers is usually limited to taps for small diameter service lines. More detailed information for larger diameter pipes relative to this procedure is confidential and particular to the relatively few industrial organizations that offer the fittings and tapping and plugging services. As a result, it is not uncommon for engineers to simply indicate a tap and plugging procedure in documents, or develop an incomplete or erroneous specification that could be detrimental to an efficient and economical execution of a project. This paper discusses tapping and plugging specifications; selection and design of appropriate fittings and their respective configurations for different pipe materials and pipeline product; fitting installation and testing; tapping and plugging procedures; options for addressing loads and thrusts developed during operations; plugging sequencing; withdrawal of equipment and closure of fittings in order to improve project effectivity.