A Case History of Design and Construction of a Seismic-Resilient Outfall Pipe within Liquefiable Ground: Design Challenges
Publication: Pipelines 2023
ABSTRACT
The Stage V expansion of the Annacis Island Wastewater Treatment Plant (AIWWTP) consisted of the design and construction of a new outfall system, which included an outfall diffuser system consisting of two 2.5 m diameter pipes buried within the highly liquefaction susceptible bed of the Fraser River. Subsurface soils surrounding the diffuser pipeline are vulnerable to lateral and vertical permanent ground displacements (PGDs) of 1.55 and 0.30 m, respectively, due to potential liquefaction and lateral spreading hazards during the 2,475-year design seismic event. Design of the outfall diffuser portion of the project was very challenging due to several factors starting with the physical location of the diffuser, complex hydraulic and salinity conditions of the Fraser River, dilution requirements for the discharge, and liquefaction-induced lateral and vertical PGDs during the design seismic event. This paper presents a summary of the design challenges encountered and the design solutions developed, with particular focus on how the design accommodated the anticipated large PGDs using the special seismic steel pipe (SSSP) segments consisting of wave forms, known as “steel pipe for crossing faults (SPF).” A companion paper presents the construction challenges encountered in the project.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
ALA (American Lifelines Alliance). (2005). Seismic Guidelines for Water Pipelines, March.
ASCE. (2014). “Soil Parameters for Assessing Axial and Transverse Behavior of Restrained Pipelines - Part 2: Transverse Behavior” (Corresponding Author: Sri Rajah).
CDM Smith. (2015). “Outfall System Options Analysis, Annacis Island WWTP Transient Mitigation and Outfall Project”, Prepared for Metro Vancouver, December 18.
CDM Smith. (2017a). “60% Detailed Design Drawings, Annacis Island WWTP Transient Mitigation and Outfall Project”, Prepared for Metro Vancouver.
CDM Smith. (2017b). Technical Memorandum: SPF Connections for Outfall Diffuser Manifold Annacis Island WWTP New Outfall, April 28.
Golder Associates. (2017). Updated Subsurface Conditions Along the Proposed Option 6 Outfall Alignment Based on Recent On-land and Off-shore Field Explorations, Annacis Island WWTP Transient Mitigation and Outfall, Delta, BC.
Hasegawa, N. (2013). “Adoption of Steel Pipe for Crossing Fault in Large-Capacity Transmission Main (Okuhirano Section)”. 2013 Waterworks Research Conference.
JWSPA (Japan Water Steel Pipe Association). (2012). WSP077-2012: Steel Pipe for Crossing Fault.
Nakazono, H., Hasegawa, N., Taniguchi, K., and Imai, T. (2022). “Application of SPF Large Displacement Type in Vancouver, Canada”, In Proceedings of the 2022 ASCE|UESI Pipeline Division Specialty Conference “Building Today’s Infrastructure for a Changing Tomorrow”, ASCE, July-August.
Nakazono, H. (2019). “Seismic Design of Fault-Crossing Pipeline – Based on Case of Countermeasures for Tachikawa Fault”, 2019 Waterworks Research Conference.
Newby, N., Rajah, S., and Masse, K. (2023). “A Case History of Design and Construction of a Seismic-Resilient Outfall Pipe within Liquefiable Ground: Construction Challenges”, Pipelines 2023, August. (Accepted).
Rajah, S., Jeyapalan, J. K., Saleira, W. E., McCabe, W. M., and Grodt, R. “Soil Structure Interaction Effects in Thrust Restraint Systems of Buried Pipelines.” Proceedings of the 2004 Pipeline Division Specialty Conference “Pipeline Engineering and Construction: ‘What’s on the Horizon’”, ASCE, San Diego California, 2004.
Wham, B. P., O’Rourke, T. D., and Stewart, H. E. (2016). Large Scale Testing of JFE Steel Pipe Crossing Faults: Testing of SPF Wave Feature to Resist Fault Rupture, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.
Wham, B. P., O’Rourke, T. D., Stewart, H. E., Argyrou, S. M., Pariya-Ekkasut, C., Nakazono, H., and Hasegawa, N. (2017). “Large Axial Deformation Performance of Steel Pipeline Designed for Fault Crossing”. ASCE Pipelines Conference 2017.
Wham, B. P., O’Rourke, T. D., and Berger, S. (2018). Direct Tension and Cyclic Testing of JFE SPF Wave Feature. NY: Cornell University.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Pipelines 2023
Pages: 393 - 406
History
Published online: Aug 10, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Buried pipes
- Construction (by type)
- Construction engineering
- Design (by type)
- Diffusion
- Diffusion (porous media)
- Earthquake engineering
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hydraulic design
- Infrastructure
- Pipeline systems
- Pipes
- Seismic design
- Seismic tests
- Soil liquefaction
- Soil mechanics
- Soil properties
- Steel construction
- Steel pipes
- Tests (by type)
- Thermodynamics
- Transport phenomena
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.