A Sustainable Solution for Strengthening Mass Timber Using Shape Memory Alloys
Publication: Structures Congress 2023
ABSTRACT
The use of reinforcement and prestress for strengthening mass timber glulam beams is not new and has been previously used to increase the beams' capacity, stiffness, and ductility. Different reinforcing and prestressing techniques using cables, curved tendons, slotted steel bars, strips, plates, and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, strips, and sheets were previously studied by gluing and anchoring with timber. However, the complexity associated with the reinforcing/prestressing technique such as anchoring devices, mechanical jacking system, geometric limitations, prestress loss, and slotting preparation makes the conventional strengthening technique challenging. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been studied extensively for prestressing steel and concrete members, but using SMAs for prestressing glulam beams was not given any attention so far which can be an emerging trend in strengthening mass timber. Therefore, in this study, an innovative localized prestressing technique for mass timber using SMA was studied through numerical analyses, which was compared with the conventional FRP strengthening. The new prestressing technique showed promising results with a significant improvement in the beam bending stiffness.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
American Wood Council. 2018. National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction. Standard, Leesburg, VA: AWC.
André, A. 2007. Strengthening of Timber Structures with Flax Fibres. Luleå, Sweden: Luleå University of Technology.
Chen, Q., and B. Andrawes. 2017. "Cyclic Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete Confined with NiTiNb-Shape Memory Alloy Spirals." Journal of Structural Engineering 143(5) : 04017008.
Chen, Q., B. Andrawes, and H. Sehitoglu. 2014. "Thermomechanical testing of FeNiCoTi shape memory alloy for active confinement of concrete." Smart Materials and Structures 23(5) (DOI ): 055015.
Cladera, A., B. Weber, C. Leinenbach, C. Czaderski, M. Shahverdi, and M. Motavalli. 2014. "Iron-based shape memory alloys for civil engineering structures: An overview." Construction and Building Materials 63 : 281-293.
Czaderski, C., M. Shahverdi, R. Brönnimann, C. Leinenbach, and M. Motavalli. 2014. "Feasibility of iron-based shape memory alloy strips for prestressed strengthening of concrete structures." Construction and Building Materials 56 : 94-105.
de Lima, L.C.C., A.A. Costa, and C.F. Rodrigues. 2018. "On the use of prestress for structural strengthening of timber beams: assessment with numerical support and experimental validation." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 12(4) : 710-725.
Dommer, K., and B. Andrawes. 2012. "Thermomechanical characterization of NiTiNb shape memory alloy for concrete active confinement applications." ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 24(10) : 1274-1282.
Guo, N., M. Wu, L. Li, G Li, and Y. Zhao. 2021. "Bending Performance of Prestressed Continuous Glulam Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 5512350.
Halicka, A., and S. Slósarz. 2021. "Strengthening of timber beams with pre-tensioned CFRP strips." Structures 34(2021) :2912–2921.
Izadi, M. R., A. Hosseini, J. Michels, M. Motavalli, and E. Ghafoori. 2019. "Thermally activated iron-based shape memory alloy for strengthening metallic Girder." Thin-Walled Structures 141 : 389-401.
Sandhaas, C., and J.W.G. Van de Kuilen. 2013. "Material model for wood." HERON 58: 179-199.
Sung, M., and B. Andrawes. 2021. "Innovative local prestressing system for concrete crossties using shape memory alloys." Engineering Structures 247 : 113048.
Vůjtěch, J., P. Ryjáček, J. C. Matos, and E. Ghafoori. 2021. "Iron-Based shape memory alloy for strengthening of 113-Year bridge." Engineering Structures 248 (2021) : 113231.
Wang, W., L. Li, A. Hosseini, and E. Ghafoori. 2021. "Novel fatigue strengthening solution for metallic structures using adhesively bonded Fe-SMA strips: A proof of concept study." International Journal of Fatigue 148 : 106237.
Yang, H., D. Ju, W. Liu, and W. Lu. 2016. "Prestressed glulam beams reinforced with CFRP bars." Construction and Building Materials 109 : 73-83.
Yang, H., W. Liu, W. Lu, S. Zhu, and Q. Geng. 2016. "Flexural behavior of FRP and steel reinforced glulam beams: Experimental and theoretical evaluation." Construction and Building Materials 106 : 550–563.
Zhang, J., H. Shen, R. Qiu, Q. Xu, and S. Gao. 2020. "Short-Term Flexural Behavior of Prestressed Glulam Beams Reinforced with Curved Tendons." Journal of Structural Engineering 146(6) : 04020086.
Zhao, H. 2019. Rehabilitation of concrete girders with distressed end regions using innovative materials. Urbana, IL: Ph.D. thesis, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Zhao, H., and B. Andrawes. 2020. "Local strengthening and repair of concrete bridge girders using shape memory alloy precast prestressing plate." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31(11) : 1343–1357.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Structures Congress 2023
Pages: 284 - 292
History
Published online: May 1, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Bars (structure)
- Beams
- Building materials
- Cables
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Equipment and machinery
- Fiber reinforced polymer
- Materials engineering
- Materials processing
- Polymer
- Prestressing
- Smart materials
- Structural behavior
- Structural engineering
- Structural members
- Structural strength
- Structural systems
- Synthetic materials
- Wood and wood products
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.