Validation of Analysis Using Case Histories of Japanese Levees
Publication: Geo-Congress 2023
ABSTRACT
Nonlinear dynamic finite element simulations are used to study field case histories of Japanese levees shaken by past earthquakes. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) in Japan instrumented various levees with ground motion sensors, and in one case a piezometer, and inspected the levees for damage following a series of earthquakes for which recordings are available. In this study, these levees are analyzed using finite element simulations in OpenSees using constitutive models capable of capturing liquefaction effects combined with an element formulation that models groundwater flow. Measured and predicted responses are compared, including (1) the pseudo acceleration response spectrum for the horizontal motion of the levee crest, (2) pore pressures in a sand layer that exhibited liquefaction, and (3) permanent levee crest settlement. Small-strain levee response was first calibrated using the recorded response from earthquakes with small amplitude. We then moved forward with analysis of larger ground motions. Predictions of crest settlement agree reasonably well with observations, with significant damage predicted correctly. However, settlements larger than 1 cm are predicted for a number of motions for which no damage was reported. It is unclear whether these are over-predictions, or whether settlements larger than 1 cm may have gone undetected in post-earthquake inspections. This study provides validation that nonlinear effective stress analyses are capable of predicting levee deformations due to soil liquefaction, and may therefore play an important role in future assessments of the seismic response of levee systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Elgamal, A., Yang, Z., Parra, E., and Ragheb, A. (2003). Modeling of cyclic mobility in saturated cohesionless soils. International Journal of Plasticity, 19(6), 883–905.
Idriss, I. M., and Boulanger, R. W. (2008). Soil liquefaction during earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Kataoka, S., Mikami, A., Zimmaro, P., Kwak, D. Y., Tsai, Y. T., Brandenberg, S. J., and Stewart, J. P. (2019). A database of seismic records at instrumented levee sites in Japan.
Khosravifar, A., Elgamal, A., Lu, J., and Li, J. (2018). A 3D model for earthquake-induced liquefaction triggering and post-liquefaction response. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 110, 43–52.
Ladd, C. C. (1991). Stability evaluation during staged construction. Journal of geotechnical engineering, 117(4), 540–615.
McGann, C. R., Arduino, P., and Mackenzie-Helnwein, P. (2012). “Stabilized single-point 4-node quadrilateral element for dynamic analysis of fluid saturated porous media.” Acta Geotechnica, 7(4), 297–311.
McKenna, F., Fenves, G. L., and Scott, M. H. (2000). Open system for earthquake engineering simulation. University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Yang, Y. (2021). Calibrated Fragility Functions for Seismic Loading of Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Levees. University of California, Los Angeles.
Zimmaro, P., Kwak, D. Y., Tsai, Y. T., Stewart, J. P., Brandenberg, S. J., Mikami, A., and Kataoka, S. (2020). Database on seismic response of instrumented flood control levees. Earthquake Spectra, 36(2), 924–938.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Published online: Mar 23, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.