Simple Modifications to a Direct Shear Device to Perform Constant Normal Stiffness (CNS) Tests
Publication: Geo-Congress 2023
ABSTRACT
This paper describes a simple approach to modify a direct shear test device to perform interface shear tests under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. There is continued interest in the use of piles and pile anchors for both fixed and floating offshore wind structures, particularly in the sandy soils along the East Coast of the United States. Design analyses and modeling may require CNS testing, which closely represents the boundary conditions near the interface of the pile during axial monotonic and cyclic loading. The simple and economical modifications allow for the testing of any pile material-sand interface by mechanically maintaining constant normal stiffness conditions on the sample during shear.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Airy, D., Al-Douri, R. H., and Poulos, H. G. (1992). “Estimation of Pile Friction Degradation from Shearbox Tests.” ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, 15(4), 388–392.
Boulon, M., and Foray, P. (1986). “Physical and Numerical Simulation of Lateral Shaft Friction Along Offshore Piles in Sand,” Proceedings, Third International Conference on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Nantes, France, published by Editions Technip, Paris, France, 127–147.
DeJong, J. T., White, D. J., and Randolph, M. F. (2006). “Microscale Observation and Modeling of Soil-Structure Interaction Behavior Using Particle Image Velocimetry.” Soils and Foundations, 46(1), 15–28.
DeJong, J. T., and Westgate, Z. J. (2009). “Role of Initial State, Material Properties, and Confinement Condition on Local and Global Soil-Structure Interface Behavior.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135(11), 1646–1660.
Fernandez Scarioni, J. (2019). Cyclic Constant Normal Stiffness Tests on Sand. MS Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island.
Jardine, R. J., Puech, A., and Andersen, K. H. (2012). “Cyclic Loading of Offshore Piles: Potential Effects and Practical Design.” Society of Underwater Technology,.
Lehane and White. (2004). “Lateral Stress Changes and Shaft Friction for Model Displacement Piles in Sand.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42(4), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t05-023.
Mortara, G., Mangiola, A., and Ghionna, V. N. (2007). “Cyclic Shear Stress Degradation and Post-Cyclic Behaviour from Sand-Steel Interface Direct Shear Tests.” Can. Geotech. J., 44(7), 739–752.
Mortara, G., Ferrara, D., and Fotia, G. (2010). “Simple Model for the Cyclic Behavior of Sand-Steel Interfaces.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 136(7), 1004–1009.
Porcino, D., Fioravante, V., Ghionna, V. N., and Pedroni, S. (2003). “Interface Behavior of Sands from Constant Normal Stiffness Direct Shear Tests.” Geotech. Test. J. 26 (3): 289–301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11308J.
Poulos, H. G. (1988). “Cyclic Stability Diagram for Axially Loaded Piles.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 114(8), 877–895.
Rimoy, S. P., Jardine, R. J., and Standing, J. R. (2013). “Displacement Response to Axial Cycling of Piles Driven in Sand.” Proceedings of the ICE – Geotechnical Engineering. 166(GE2), 131–146.
Tabucanon, J. T., Airey, D. W., and Poulos, H. G. (1985). “Pile Skin Friction in Sands from Constant Normal Stiffness Tests.” ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, 18(3), 350–364.
Zhou, W., Wang, L., Guo, Z., Liu, J., and Rui, S. (2019). “A Novel t-z Model to Predict the Pile Responses Under Axial Cyclic Loadings.” Computers and Geotechnics, 112, 120–134.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Geo-Congress 2023
Pages: 514 - 522
History
Published online: Mar 23, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.