Evaluation of Stabilization Concepts for Clay and Sandy Clay as Subgrade Material Using Cement and Liquid Base Seal
Publication: Geo-Congress 2023
ABSTRACT
In nature, not all soils readily meet specifications for engineering use. Therefore, improvement of soil engineering properties is one of the main concerns of a civil engineer. The results of an optimal experimental design of stabilization concept for clay and sandy clay for use as subgrade material in road construction are presented. Two soils classified as A-7-6 (29) and A-6 (2) in the American Association of States Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classification system, which have fair to poor performance characteristics for use as subgrade, were mixed with 2% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as an additive with stepped concentration of a viscous liquid known as Base-Seal (LBS) that has calcium oxide content of 57% (i.e., 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% BS) used as replacement of the determined optimum moisture content (OMC) for the untreated soil using the British Standard light (BSL) or standard Proctor (SP) compactive effort. The compacted treated soil was cured for seven days under laboratory condition at a temperature of 30 ± 2o C before immersion in water for 48 h as recommended by the Nigerian General Specifications (NGS) for Roads and Bridges. The result of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed kaolinite as the dominant clay mineral in both soils. The silica-sesquioxide ratios for the soils are 1.86 and 1.79, which are within the range of 1.33–2.00 specified for lateritic soils. The surface morphology of the treated soil using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicts some coating of soil particles by the LBS and OPC. The plasticity index values decreased from 36% to 16% and from 13% to non-plastic for clay and the sandy clay after treatment, respectively. California bearing ratio (CBR) value increased from 1% to 22% for the clay treated with 40% LBS–2% OPC mixture and from 3% to 31% at 20% LBS–2% OPC treatment for the sandy clay. Based on the results obtained it is recommended that 40% and 20% LBS mixed with 2% OPC be used for the treatment of A-7-6(29) and A-6(2) soils, respectively, for subgrade in low-volume road construction.
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Geo-Congress 2023
Pages: 264 - 273
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Published online: Mar 23, 2023
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