Bioashes and Steel Slag as Alternative Binders in Ground Improvement of Quick Clays
Publication: Geo-Congress 2023
ABSTRACT
Using alternative binders to traditional lime-cement mixtures in deep soil mixing is studied with the objective of reducing the carbon footprint of this ground improvement technique. Two by-products, bioashes and steel slag, combined with cement, were mixed with quick clay to investigate the strength and deformation properties of the stabilized material, as well as the leaching of contaminants for its environmental characterization. Bioashes and steel slag are residual products from the wood and steel industry, respectively. Results showed that after combining bioashes or steel slag with cement into quick clay, the strength and stiffness of the original material increased. The by-products were below the leaching limits for inert landfills following the European regulation, when tested both individually and combined with cement and quick clay. These findings reveal that bioashes and steel slag may provide sustainable alternatives to lime or cement in soil stabilization of quick clays.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Åhnberg, H. (2006). Strength of Stabilized Soil-A Laboratory Study on Clays and Organic Soils Stabilized with different Types of Binder. PhD dissertation. Lund University, Sweden.
Bache, B. K., Wiersholm, P., Paniagua, P., and Emdal, A. (2022). Effect of Temperature on the Strength of Lime–Cement Stabilized Norwegian Clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 148(3).
Bache, B. K., Hov, S., and Mengede, M. (2021). Erfaringer med ulike kalksementvariasjoner. Geoteknikkdagen 2021. Norsk Geoteknisk Forening.
Brand, A. S., Punt, S., Ebenezer, O. F., and Tutumluer, E. (2020). Stabilization of a Clayey Soil with Ladle Metallurgy Furnace Slag Fines. Material (Basel), 13(19): 4251.
Bujulu, P. (2008). Deep-mix Stabilization of Quick Clay: A Potential Area for Utilization of Wastepaper Sludge Ash. PhD dissertation NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Cheng, Q., Yao, K., and Liu, Y. (2018). Stress-dependent behavior of marine clay admixed with fly-ash-blended cement. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11 (6): 611–616.
Deb, T., and Pal, S. K. (2012). Correlations to assess compaction characteristics of local silty clay soil-fly ash mixes. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 17:3479–3490.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). (2003). Fly Ash Facts for Highway Engineers. American Coal Ash Association.
Hov, S., Paniagua, P., Sætre, C., Rueslåtten, H., Størdal, I., Mengede, M., and Mevik, C. (2022). Lime-cement stabilization of Trondheim clays and its impact on CO2 emissions. Soils and Foundations 62(3): 101162.
Islam, S., Hoque, N., Uddin, M., and Chowdhury, M. (2018). Strength development in clay soil stabilized with fly ash. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering. 12(2):188–201.
Jafarbiglookarami, A. (2021). Alternative binders for improvement of soft soils – A geoenvironmental approach. MSc dissertation in Geotechnics and Geohazards, NTNU.
Jafarbiglookarami, A., and Myhrvold, J. A. T. (2021). Alternative binders for stabilization of soft clays: results from laboratory works., NTNU.
Kumar, A., Saha, S., and Chattaraj, R. (2020). Soft clay stabilization with steel slag. In: Das, B., Barbhuiya, S., Gupta, R., Saha, P. (eds) Recent Developments in Sustainable Infrastructure. Springer, Singapore.
Lovdata. (2020). Forskrift om gjenvinning og behandling av avfall (avfallsforskriften).
L’Heureux, J. S., Lindgård, A., and Emdal, A. (2019). The Tiller–Flotten research site: Geotechnical characterization of a very sensitive clay deposit. AIMS Geosciences, 4: 831–867.
NGF (Norsk Geoteknisk Forening). (2012). Veiledning for grunnforsterkning med kalksementpeler. Norsk Geoteknisk Forening, Oslo, Norway.
NGI. (2021). Celsa Armeringsstål AS: Karakterisering av øseslagg. (in Norwegian).
Shalabi, F. I., Asi, I. M., and Qasrawi, H. Y. (2017). Effect of by-product steel slag on the engineering properties of clay soils. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 29(4): 394–399.
Tellnes, L. G. F., Flæte, P. O., and Nyrud, A. Q. Material flows in the Norwegian Sawmilling Industry. Proc 7th meeting of the Nordic-Baltic Network in Wood Material ScienceEng. October 27-28, 2011, Oslo, Norway.
The Norwegian EPD Foundation. (2016). Environmental Product Declaration: CEM II, Standardsement FA (CEM II/B-M).
Wu, J., Deng, Y., Zhang, G., Zhou, A., Tan, Y., Xiao, H., and Zheng, Q. (2021). A generic framework of unifying industrial by-products for soil stabilization. J. Cleaner Prod., 321.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Published online: Mar 23, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.