Incorporation of Unsaturated Soil Properties in the Prediction of Rainfall Induced Landslides Using TRIGRS and Scoops3D Models
Publication: Geo-Congress 2023
ABSTRACT
Landslides triggered by rainfall are becoming major threat in residual soil slopes worldwide. Several rainfall triggered shallow landslides were reported in residual soil slopes of Idukki in Kerala, India, during monsoon. Existing slope susceptibility maps and rainfall thresholds are generally based on statistical methods, which seek empirical relations between the geomorphological, topographical, geological, and environmental factors with the past landslides, without taking into consideration the geotechnical properties of the soil. Both saturated and unsaturated soil properties are important in analyzing the stability of residual soil slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration. In the present study, a landslide susceptibility model was developed for a region in Idukki by using two physical-process based models, TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability) and Scoops3D, which have the potential to incorporate both saturated and unsaturated soil properties in the regional modelling analysis. Transient rainfall infiltration analysis was performed using TRIGRS and the resulting pore water pressure profiles imported in Scoops3D for stability analysis. The developed model was validated with past rainfall event of August 2018, which was responsible for many landslides at Idukki, India. Predicted and the observed landslide points were compared against each other in both temporal and spatial perspectives using LRclassindex. The results show that the models have a good capability of landslide prediction, and therefore, these can be used for the development of both slope susceptibility map and in designing of warning system against the rainfall induced landslides.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Alessio, P. (2019). “Spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity and measurement-based intensity-duration thresholds for slope stability, Santa Ynez Valley, CA.” Geomorphology, 342, 103–116.
Alvioli, M., and Baum, R. L. (2016). ‘Parallelization of the TRIGRS model for rainfall-induced landslides using the message passing interface. Environmental Modelling & Software, 81, 122–135.
Alvioli, M., Lee, G., and An, H. U. (2018). “Three-dimensional, time-dependent modelling of rainfall-induced landslides over a digital landscape: a case study.” Landslides, 15(6), 1071–1084.
Baum, R. L., Godt, J. W., and Savage, W. Z. (2010). “Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall‐induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration.’ Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115(F3).
Blight, G. E., and Leong, E. C., eds. (2012). Mechanics of residual soils. CRC Press.
Bromhead, E. N., Ibsen, M. L., Papanastassiou, X., and Zemichael, A. A. (2002). “Three-dimensional stability analysis of a coastal landslide at Hanover Point, Isle of Wight.” Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 35(1), 79–88.
Chakraborty, A., and Goswami, D. (2016). “State of the art: Three dimensional (3D) slope-stability analysis.” International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 10(5), 1–6.
Chen, X., and Chen, W. (2021). “GIS-based landslide susceptibility assessment using optimized hybrid machine learning methods.” Catena, 196, 104833.
Deepthy, R., and Balakrishnan, S. (2005). “Climatic control on clay mineral formation: Evidence from weathering profiles developed on either side of the Western Ghats.” Journal of Earth System Science, 114(5), 545–556.
Deere, D. U., and Patton, F. D. (1971). “Stability of slopes in residual soils.” In: Proc. of the 4th Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Juan, Puerto Rico (Vol. 1, pp. 93–184).
Dikshit, A., Satyam, N., and Pradhan, B. (2019). “Estimation of rainfall-induced landslides using the TRIGRS model.” Earth Systems and Environment, 3(3), 575–584.
Gardner, W. R. (1958). “Some steady-state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table.” Soil science, 85(4), 228–232.
Griffiths, D. V., and Marquez, R. M. (2007). “Three-dimensional slope stability analysis by elasto-plastic finite elements.” Geotechnique, 57(6), 537–546.
Hao, L., Rajaneesh, A., Van Westen, C., Sajinkumar, K. S., Martha, T. R., Jaiswal, P., and McAdoo, B. G. (2020). “Constructing a complete landslide inventory dataset for the 2018 monsoon disaster in Kerala, India, for land use change analysis.” Earth system science data, 12(4), 2899–2918.
He, J., Qiu, H., Qu, F., Hu, S., Yang, D., Shen, Y., Zhang, Y., Sun, H., and Cao, M. (2021). “Prediction of spatiotemporal stability and rainfall threshold of shallow landslides using the TRIGRS and Scoops3D models.” Catena, 197, 104999.
Huang, C. C., and Tsai, C. C. (2000). “New method for 3D and asymmetrical slope stability analysis.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engg, 126(10), 917–927.
Ip, S. C., Rahardjo, H., and Satyanaga, A. (2021). “Three-dimensional slope stability analysis incorporating unsaturated soil properties in Singapore.” Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, 15(2), 98–112.
Jaboyedoff, M., Carrea, D., Derron, M. H., Oppikofer, T., Penna, I. M., and Rudaz, B. (2020). “A review of methods used to estimate initial landslide failure surface depths and volumes.” Engineering Geology, 267, 105478.
Kalantar, B., Pradhan, B., Naghibi, S. A., Motevalli, A., and Mansor, S. (2018). “Assessment of the effects of training data selection on the landslide susceptibility mapping: a comparison between support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANN).” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 9(1), 49–69.
Kerala Post Disaster Needs Assessment Floods and Landslides—August 2018. (2018). Government of Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram, India,1–440.
Kuriakose, S. L., Van Beek, L. P. H., and Van Westen, C. J. (2009). “Parameterizing a physically based shallow landslide model in a data poor region.” Earth surface processes and landforms, 34(6), 867–881.
Park, D. W., Nikhil, N. V., and Lee, S. R. (2013). “Landslide and debris flow susceptibility zonation using TRIGRS for the 2011 Seoul landslide event.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(11), 2833–2849.
Rahardjo, H., Lim, T. T., Chang, M. F., and Fredlund, D. G. (1995). “Shear-strength characteristics of a residual soil.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32(1), 60–77.
Rahardjo, H., Nio, A. S., Leong, E. C., and Song, N. Y. (2010). “Effects of groundwater table position and soil properties on stability of slope during rainfall.” Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 136(11), 1555–1564.
Rahardjo, H., and Satyanaga, A. (2019). “Sensing and monitoring for assessment of rainfall-induced slope failures in residual soil.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering, 172(6), 496–506.
Reid, M. E., Christian, S. B., Brien, D. L., and Henderson, S. (2015). “Scoops3D—software to analyze three-dimensional slope stability throughout a digital landscape.” US Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book, 14.
Salciarini, D., Godt, J. W., Savage, W. Z., Baum, R. L., and Conversini, P. (2008). “Modeling landslide recurrence in Seattle, Washington, USA.” Engineering Geology, 102(3-4), 227–237.
Sarma, C. P., Dey, A., and Krishna, A. M. (2020). “Influence of digital elevation models on the simulation of rainfall-induced landslides in the hillslopes of Guwahati, India.” Engineering Geology, 268, 105523.
Satyanaga, A., and Rahardjo, H. (2020). “Role of unsaturated soil properties in the development of slope susceptibility map.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering, 1–13.
Seed, R. B., Mitchell, J. K., and Seed, H. B. (1990). “Kettleman Hills waste landfill slope failure. II: Stability analysis.” J. Geotech. Engng, 116, No. 4, 669–689.
Stark, T. D., and Eid, H. T. (1998). “Performance of three-dimensional slope stability methods in practice.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental engineering, 124(11), 1049–1060.
Viet, T. T., Lee, G., Thu, T. M., and An, H. U. (2017). “Effect of digital elevation model resolution on shallow landslide modeling using TRIGRS.” Natural Hazards Review, 18(2), 04016011.
Weidner, L., Oommen, T., Escobar-Wolf, R., Sajinkumar, K. S., and Samuel, R. A. (2018). “Regional-scale back-analysis using TRIGRS: an approach to advance landslide hazard modeling and prediction in sparse data regions.” Landslides, 15(12), 2343–2356.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Geo-Congress 2023
Pages: 509 - 520
History
Published online: Mar 23, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.