Index for Highway 1 Rat Creek Embankment Failure

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)

39

AMS

. See accelerator mass spectrometry

ArcGIS HydroTools

24

ArcGIS Pro

5

Atmospheric river

1

Basin area vs. damage ranking

5–16

Big Sur Highway 1

27–33

bridges

27–28

general climate of

49–51

history

28–33

major road closings

28–29

performance

28–33

precipitation history of

49–58

temperature for

49–50

Bimrocks

. See block-in-matrix rocks

Block-in-matrix rocks

21

Broken formation

20–21

Buried soil horizons

37–38

Caltrans

5, 18, 27, 30, 35–36, 93, 95

Carmel Highlands Zone

19–20

Charnockitic tonalite (KMct)

20

Climate

49–51

CMP

. See corrugated metal pipe

Coastal Terrace Zone

19–20

Conglomerate

23

Corrugated metal pipe (CMP)

2, 30

Cretaceous sandstone (Kuss)

20, 23

Data collection activities

2–3, 35–44

February 25, 2021, site activities

36–41

exposure mapping and sampling

37–38

radiocarbon dating of exposure samples

38–41

terrestrial light detection and ranging acquisition

37

geometries

35

prefailure data

35

satellite-based assessments

41–44

Debris flow

1–2, 69–81

breaching

72

depth of

72

downstream of

69, 71

geometry of

69–72

mantle of

72

origin of

69–70

photographic record along

74–81

at Rat Creek channel

72–81

smaller-scale features of

72

upstream of

69, 71

Digital elevation model

2, 5, 87, 93–94

Digital surface model (DSM)

83–86, 93–94

Digital terrain model (DTM)

83–86, 93–94

Dolan wildfire

1–2, 17, 45–47

Drainage basin analysis

5–16

DroneDeploy SfM project

35

DSM

. See digital surface model

DTM

. See digital terrain model

Embankment erosion

1–2, 16–18, 30–33, 93–94

Franciscan Complex rock (KJf)

20–21, 23, 69

Geographic conditions of Highway 1

19–23

Geoid 12B model

35

Geologic map of Rat Creek area

20–21

Geology conditions of Highway 1

20–25

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

54, 58

GPM

. See Global Precipitation Measurement

Highway 1 system

1–3

Carmel Highlands Zone

19–20

Coastal Terrace Zone

19–20

data collection activities

2–3, 35–44

debris flow on

1–2, 69–81

drainage basin analysis of

5–16

embankment erosion

1–2, 16–18, 30–33, 93–94

failure

1–3, 16–18

geographic conditions

19–23

geology conditions of

20–25

history

27–28

inspection points

6–16

overtopping of

93–94

performance

5–16, 28–33

ranking system

5–16

at Rat Creek Drainage Crossing

2–3, 16–18, 28–33

Rat Creek geology conditions

23–25

recommendations for reducing

3

Redwood Forest Zone

19–20

Sea Cliff Zone

19–20

slope stability failures

21–23

surface flow-induced erosion

2

water reaching, calculation of

87–91

Hydrograph

87–90

Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG)

54–56, 58

Landforms

23

Landsliding

23

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR)

18, 35–37, 83

Line of sight (LOS)

37

LOS

. See line of sight

Mélange

20–21

Mud Creek Landslide (2017)

2

NDVI

. See Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Nelson, Dave

17

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

42–45

North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88)

35

Outcrops

21

OxCal 4.4.4 method

39–41

Planet 4-band satellite

41–42

Precipitation, Big Sur (California)

accumulated

56

GPM

54

history of

49–51

January 26 to 28, 2021

51–58

rainfall on January 27 and 28, 2021

54–58

weather station summary

53

Radiocarbon dating

AMS for

39

of exposure samples

38–41

OxCal 4.4.4 method for

39–41

Rainfall

54–58

Ranking system

5–16

Rat Creek area

20, 23

crossing of Highway 1

28–33

for dating purposes

38–41

debris flow, 1–2, 69–81 (See also debris flow)

data collection activities

2–3, 35–44

observations from January 27 and 28 at

17

drainage crossing

16–18, 28–33

drainage network

24

embankment

29–30, 93–94

geographic conditions

19–23

geologic map of

20–21

geology conditions

23–25

headwaters of

23

history

28–33

performance

28–33

roadway repair (2021)

95–99

slope failures (orange areas) along

21–23

thalweg

69

topographic map of

21–23

topographic relief along

23–24

Rat Creek–Gorda wildfire

2, 30

Redwood Forest Zone

19–20

Roadway repair (2021)

95–99

Salinian Block

23

Satellite-based assessments

41–44

Sea Cliff Zone

19–20

Slope failures (orange areas)

21–23

Structure-from motion (SfM) model

35

Terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR)

18, 35–37

Tree debris dam formation/breach

61–68

LiDAR image of

64–65

location

67

Rat Creek upstream of

66–67

topography

64–65

UAV photograph

67–68

Trimble X7 terrestrial LiDAR scanner

37

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

18, 36–37

Upstream collection basin

83–87

definition

83

size of

83–87

USGS project

35

Vegetation

1, 17, 42–43, 45, 64, 83–86, 91, 94

Western Region Climate Center (WRCC)

49

Wildfires

45. See also Dolan wildfire

WRCC

. See Western Region Climate Center