Investigation of Damage to School Buildings from Induced Earthquakes
Publication: Forensic Engineering 2022
ABSTRACT
Induced earthquake activity has increased in recent years due to fracking processes in Oklahoma and neighboring states. The structural design and detailing of buildings were not governed by earthquake loads in these regions, considering only the naturally occurring seismicity. This paper presents an evaluation of earthquake damage to school buildings in Oklahoma. The investigated buildings relied on unreinforced masonry construction for lateral load resistance. Field investigation, measurements, and invasive testing revealed cracked and out-of-plumb brick and block masonry walls. Crack patterns and response modes were typical of masonry walls responding to lateral earthquake loads. Damage to interior finishes, partitions, and ceilings was also widespread. Nonlinear response history analyses of masonry walls, incorporating their ASCE 41 strength and stiffness degradation characteristics, complemented the investigation and evaluation of repairs to restore the buildings. Results of computer analyses were verified and consistent with in-plane and out-of-plane wall damage observations in the field.
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REFERENCES
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Forensic Engineering 2022
Pages: 454 - 462
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Published online: Nov 2, 2022
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