Accounting for Site Effects to Improve Seismic Hazard Resilience of Pipelines
Publication: Lifelines 2022
ABSTRACT
Improving the seismic performance of pipelines is fundamental to achieving resiliency of urban environments against extreme natural events. The vulnerability of pipelines is inevitably associated with their exposure to regional and local geohazards. Seismic hazard assessments of pipelines are uniquely challenged by varying local soil conditions, as evidenced by the concentration of damages in areas prone to ground motion amplification and liquefaction. This paper focuses on the hazard associated with transient seismic waves, which affects the entire pipeline system as opposed to the localized effects imposed by ground failure. Our study provides a review of seismic hazard assessments of pipeline networks and current practices to account for site effects. More specifically, we review available methods to consider the effects of local soil conditions on the seismic demands of pipelines, soil-pipe interaction, spatial variability in soils, and ground motion directionality. First, we summarize relevant observations from past seismic events and then, an evaluation of current practices to account for site effects is provided. Strengths and limitations of simplified approaches are revised and compared to methods that target the quantification of site effects and the network response on a broader regional scale. Areas of future research are identified as potential paths toward improved resiliency of pipelines to seismic hazards.
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Lifelines 2022
Pages: 194 - 206
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Published online: Nov 16, 2022
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