Seismic Performance of PVC-U Pipe and Design Prediction Tool
Publication: Lifelines 2022
ABSTRACT
Investigations made following the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES) show that the underground pipes have signature failure modes that were unique to the pipe material and some types of pipes, such as those made of PVC, underwent multiple failure modes. Moreover, the damage to pipe joints appeared to show that adding axial joint load to the tests already mandated by NZ standards would greatly enhance the seismic design of pipes. For this purpose, an experimental investigation is conducted on PVC-U pipe joints to ascertain the serviceability and ultimate limit state allowable loads when a pipe joint is subjected to axial seismic-simulated actions. The results are able to replicate the observed earthquake damage by incorporating forces simulating peak ground accelerations in both the horizontal and vertical directions in the testing. From the results, a theoretical framework is developed to illustrate how seismically induced axial forces can be generated in the pipe joint.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
AS/NZS (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand). (2017). PVC-U pipes and fittings for drain, waste and vent applications. AS/NZS 1260, Sydney/Wellington.
AS/NZS (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand). (2017). PVC pipes and fittings for pressure applications. AS/NZS 1477, Sydney/Wellington.
ASTM. Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120. ASTM D1785-15e1, West Conshohocken, PA.
Balkaya, M., and Moore, I. D. (2009). “Analysis of a gasketed polyvinyl chloride pipe joint.” Transportation Research Record: J. Transportation Research Board, 2131: 113–122.
Bradley, B., and Cubrinovski, M. (2011). “Near-source strong ground motions observed in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake.” Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 44 (4): 181–194.
BSI (British Standards Institute). (2010). Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines — Requirements and test methods. BS EN 545, London. U.K.
Christchurch City Council. (2011). CCC PVC Witness Mark Memo. <https://www.ccc.govt.nz/consents-and-licences/construction-requirements/approved-materials-list/design-memos/>.
Christchurch City Council. (2018). Three Waters Advanced Asset Network Map.〈https://ccc.govt.nz/services/water-and-drainage/three-waters-advanced-asset-network-map/>.
Cubrinovski, M., Hughes, M., Bradley, B., McCahon, I., McDonald, Y., Simpson, H., Cameron, R., Christison, M., Henderson, B., Orense, R., and O’Rourke, T. (2011). “Liquefaction impacts on pipe networks.”. Civil & Natural Resources Engineering, Christchurch, NZ.
Edkins, D. J., Orense, R. P., Henry, R. S., and Ingham, J. M. (2015). “Signature failure modes of pipelines constructed of different materials when subjected to earthquakes.” Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 7(1): 04015014.
Edkins, D. J. (2021). Development of Seismic testing protocols for non-structural components. PhD Thesis, University of Auckland (under examination).
El Hmadi, K., and O’Rourke, M. J. (1990). “Seismic damage to segmented buried pipeline.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 19: 539–539.
FEMA. (2007). Interim testing protocols for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural and nonstructural components. FEMA 461, Washington D.C.
Gemperline, M., and Rinehart, R. (2018). Soil-Pipe Interface Friction Coefficients for Buried PE4710 Pipe. MCG Geotechnical Eng Inc., Morrison, CO.
Ling, H. I., Mohri, Y., Kawabata, T., Liu, H., Burke, C., and Sun, L. (2003). “Centrifugal modeling of seismic behavior of large-diameter pipe in liquefiable soil.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129 (12): 1092–1101.
Nadukuru, S. S., Kim, J., O’Connor, S., Pour-Ghaz, M., Michalowski, R. L., Lynch, J. P., Green, R. A., Bradshaw, A. S., and Weiss, W. J. (2011). “Response of a buried concrete pipeline to ground rupture: a full scale experiment and simulation.” 5th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Santiago, Chile.
Tjiong, J., and Brough, A. (2014). An Approach to the Calculation of Pipe Friction Loss. Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd, New Zealand.
Wham, B. P., Argyrou, C., O’Rourke, T. D., Stewart, H. E., and Bond, T. K. (2017). “PVCO pipeline performance under large ground deformation.” J. of Pressure Vessel Technology, ASME, 139: 011702-1-8.
Wham, B. P., Berger, B. A., and O’Rourke, T. D. (2019). “Hazard-resistant steel pipeline response to large fault rupture.” Proceedings, Geo-Congress 2019, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Wotherspoon, L. M., Orense, R. P., Bradley, B. A., Cox, B. R., Wood, C. M., and Green, R. A. (2015). “Soil profile characterisation of Christchurch Central Business District strong motion stations.” Bulletin of the NZ Society for Earthquake Engineering, 48(3): 147–157.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Lifelines 2022
Pages: 80 - 90
History
Published online: Nov 16, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.