Research on Express Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem without Distribution Station Considering Three-Dimensional Container Loading Constrains

The high density of express distribution stations ensures the distribution efficiency and good customer experience; they bring high rental costs, potential safety hazards of street operations, and other problems, especially in central business districts (CBD). This paper explores delivery modes without distribution station (DMWDS) by making express distribution vehicles into mobile distribution stations instead of the traditional fixed distribution stations. A vehicle routing optimization model based on three-dimensional container loading constraints is established, and a heuristic algorithm based on Tabu search algorithm is designed. Using the vehicle routing optimization model based on three-dimensional container loading constraints can effectively improve the vehicle load utilization and reduce the distribution cost. The use of small delivery vehicles can better allocate transport capacity resources and improve the optimization level of delivery schemes. The research can provide an effective solution for express enterprises to optimize CBD distribution schemes and control operating costs.