Multimodal Integration of Nigerian Trade Market into the BRI Considering Political Risk and Security Threats

Countries from all over the world, including Nigeria, source their industrial and consumer goods from China. Nigeria is a West African country with the continent’s largest population and significant demand for products, and China’s industry has supported the quest to satisfy this demand. With Long delivery times by sea freight and the high cost of air freight transportation as a significant challenge for the movement of commodities from China to Nigeria, there is a need for a relatively cheap and time-saving mode to satisfy the logistics demand of shippers. This paper develops a multimodal route selection model that minimizes transportation cost, time, political risk, and security threats for the selected transportation node between the East, Central, and Western Africa. The multimodal route selection model was developed as a multi-objective shortest path problem, an Np-problem, and was solved using the NSGA-III algorithm to obtain the Pareto-optimal solution.