Failure Modes of 3D-Printed Tessellated-Tile Beams

Tessellations are patterns of repeating 2D geometric shapes that form an arrangement without gaps or overlaps. Although commonly used for their visual appeal in architecture, tessellations have only recently received attention for their applicability to structures as tessellated structural-architectural (TeSA) systems. Because TeSA systems are composed of repeating discrete pieces (tiles), tessellated structural members have several potential benefits including automated fabrication and construction, localization and repairability of structural damage, tunable structural behavior, and esthetic value. This paper presents experiments in which small-scale (approximately 20 mm wide × 75 mm tall × 300 mm long) TeSA beams were fabricated from 3D printed tessellated tiles and then loaded to failure. Load-displacement response and failure mode are presented for six beam specimens, each having a different tessellated pattern. Stiffness, strength, and failure mode are compared between the different patterns. The results provide insights into how to design tessellated structures to achieve a desired structural response. While the notion of tessellated structures is still in its nascency, this paper introduces the concept, demonstrates and discusses its potential, and makes some critical observations about structural behavior and design.