Energy and Demand Saving Potential due to Integrated HVAC, Lighting, and Shading Controls in Small Office Building
Publication: Construction Research Congress 2022
ABSTRACT
With commercial and residential buildings accounting for approximately 40% of the energy and 70% of the electricity consumption in the United States, there are substantial opportunities to improve energy efficiency in these buildings. Similarly, buildings also account for the large majority of electricity demand, particularly during peak use hours. As the electric grid becomes increasingly supported by renewable energy, buildings are ideal for supporting demand-side management, allowing for the electricity demand to meet the variable levels of electricity supply. Integrated controls of various building energy system components, including HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning), lighting, and shading devices, combined with advanced sensor and control technologies, can help to optimize system operations. This research aims to study the impact of integrated HVAC, lighting, and shading device controls, to estimate energy and demand saving in typical small office buildings in the US. This is achieved through a multi-step modeling process, including daylight simulation using Radiance to evaluate available daylight for each zone, then EnergyPlus to develop and implement various controls and estimate energy and demand savings using the Radiance results as input. The result of this work provides insights for a variety of stakeholders in the building, utility and grid operator industries, and quantifies the potential benefit of integrated systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Akashi, Y., and J. Neches. 2004. “Detectability and acceptability of illuminance reduction for load shedding.” J Illum Eng Society. 33(1), 3–13.
Dubois, M.-C. 2003. “Shading devices and daylight quality: an evaluation based on simple performance indicators.” Lighting Research & Technology. 35 (1), 61–74.
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) EERE (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy). 2019. “Grid-interactive efficient buildings.” Accessed May 1,2021. https://www.energy.gov/.
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 2020. Commercial Prototype Buildings. Accessed August 1, 2020. https://www.energycodes.gov/development/commercial/prototype_models.
EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration). 2012. Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). United States Department of Energy, Ed., ed.
EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration). 2019. “Energy Monthly Review.” Accessed on May 1, 2021. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/.
EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration). 2021. Annual Energy Outlook 2021: With Projections to 2050. Government printing Office.
Hu, W., and W. Davis. 2016. “Dimming curve based on the detectability and acceptability of illuminance differences. ” Optics express. 24 (10), 885–897.
IES (Illuminating Engineering Society). 2011. The IES Lighting Handbook. New York, NY: IES.
Jain, S., and V. Grag. 2018. “A review of open loop control strategies for shades, blinds and integrated lighting by use of real-time daylight prediction methods.” Building and Environment. 135, 352–364.
Kryszczuk, K. M., and P. R. Boyce. 2002. “Detection of slow light level reduction.” J Illum Eng Soc. 31, 3–10.
Kunwar, N., K. S. Cetin, U. Passe, X. Zhou, and Y. Li. 2019. “Full-scale experiment testing of integrated dynamically-operated roller shades and lighting in perimeter office spaces.” Solar Energy. 186, 17–28.
Lee, E. S., G. D. Hughes, R. D. Clear, L. L. Kiliccote, S. Piette, M. A. Rubinstein, F. M. Rubinstein, and S. E. Selkowitz. 2007. Daylighting the New York Times Headquarters Building: Commissioning Daylighting Systems and Estimation of Demand Response. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
McNeil, A. 2013. The three-phase method for simulation complex fenestration with Radiance. Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.
Newsham, G., and B. Birt. 2010. “Demand-responsive lighting-a field study.” Leukos. 6 (3), 203–226.
RADIANCE. 2021. https://www.radiance-online.org.
Reinhart, C. F., and K. Voss. 2003. “Monitoring manual control of electric lighting and blinds.” Light Research & Technology. 35 (3), 243–258.
Shen, H., and A. Tzempelikos. 2012. “Daylighting and energy analysis of private offices with automated interior roller shades.” Solar Energy. 86 (2), 681–704.
Shen, E., J. Hu, and M. Patel. 2014. “Energy and visual comfort analysis of lighting and daylight control strategies.” Building and Environment. 78, 155–170.
Tenner, A. D., S. H. A. Begemann, and G. J. van den Beld. 1997. “Acceptance and preference of illuminance in offices.” In Proc. European Lighting Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 131–143.
Tzempelikos, A., and H. Shen. 2013. “Comparative control strategies for roller shades with respect to daylighting and energy performance.” Building and Environment. 67, 179–192.
Wen, Y-J., E. Kehmeier, T. Kisch, A. Springfield, B. Luntz, and M. Frey. 2020. Energy savings from networked lighting control (NLC) systems with and without LLLC. Medford, MA: DLC (Design Lights Consortium). Portland, OR: NEEA (Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance).
Wienold, J., F. Frontini, S. Herkel, and S. Mende. 2011. “Climate based simulation of different shading device systems for comfort and energy demand.” In Proc. 12th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association. 14–16.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Published online: Mar 7, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.