A Framework for Evaluating Societal Impacts Caused by Disruptions to Inland Waterways
Publication: Construction Research Congress 2022
ABSTRACT
Across the US approximately 600 million tons of cargo worth nearly $220 billion travels through inland waterways. Infrastructure supporting this transportation of goods, including inland waterways, ports, dams, and levees, is current averaging just shy of a C-overall on the American Society of Civil Engineers’ report card. With little opportunity for detours, a single disruption on an inland waterway can halt all transportation beyond the origination point and create significant fiscal and societal impacts to communities both up- and down-river. In this paper, these disruptions are evaluated within two contexts. First, this research examines the impact of a disruption that originates on the river, such as a lock closure, where the transportation infrastructure systems are impacted first and the communities are impacted second, as the disruptions ripple outward from the origination point. Second, this research examines a disruption from the river, such as a flood, where both the transportation systems and community are impacted simultaneously. Across each of these types of disruptions, we evaluate the complex relationships between the affected communities, the transportation systems, the supply chains, and the economy to develop a conceptual framework that depicts these relationships. In doing so, we advance the connection between inland waterway systems and their impacts to society and create a mechanism to enable decision-makers to think holistically about disruptions to these systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
AASHTO. 2013. Waterborne Freight Transportation: Bottom Line Report. Washington, DC. Accessed May 20, 2021. http://sp.water.transportation.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/WFT-1.pdf.
Aghalari, A., F. Nur, and M. Marufuzzaman. 2020. “A Bender’s based nested decomposition algorithm to solve a stochastic inland waterway port management problem considering perishable product.” Int. J. Prod. Econ. 229, 107863.
ASCE. 2012. Report Card for America’s Infrastructure. Reston, VA: ASCE. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://www.asce.org/uploadedFiles/About_ASCE/Content_Pieces/asce-annual-report-2012.pdf.
ASCE. 2017. Report Card for America’s Infrastructure. Reston, VA: ASCE. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2017-Infrastructure-Report-Card.pdf.
ASCE. 2021. Report Card for America’s Infrastructure. Reston, VA: ASCE. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://infrastructurereportcard.org/.
Agribusiness Consulting. 2019. Importance of Inland Waterways to U.S. Agriculture. Washington DC: United States Department of Agriculture. Accessed May 20, 2021. www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/ImportanceofInlandWaterwaystoUSAgricultureFullReport.pdf.
Bessler, D., T.-H. Yu, and S. Fuller. 2006. “Effect of lock delay on grain barge rates: Examination of upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers.” The Annals of Regional Science, 40, 887–908.
Caris, A., S. Limbourg, C. Macharis, T. van Lier, and M. Cools. 2014. “Integration of inland waterway transport in the intermodal supply chain: a taxonomy of research challenges.” J. Transp. Geogr., 41, 126–136.
Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 2018. Economic Impact Study for Public Ports. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of Transportation. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://spexternal.modot.mo.gov/sites/cm/CORDT/cmr18-002.pdf.
Camp, J., K. Nelson, C. E. Philip, M. Moravec, D. W. Scheffler, and P. Johnson. 2020. “Utilizing Agent-Based Modeling to Evaluate Operational Impacts of an Incident and Possible Alternatives on U.S. Waterways.” Trans. Res Rec: J. of the TRB. 2674 (10), 951–962.
Chimka, J. R., A. F. D. Luis, and G. W. McGee. 2019. “Statistical effects of waterway lock unavailability on commodity flow.” Quality Technology & Quantitative Management, Taylor & Francis, 16(6), 736–742.
CMTS. 2008. National Strategy for the Marine Transportation System: A Framework for Action. Washington, DC: Committee on the Marine Transportation System, U.S. Department of Transportation. Accessed May 20, 2021. www.cmts.gov/downloads/National_Strategy_MTS_2008.pdf.
Davies, R. L., B. Calvert, and J. Bond. 2012. “Levee Lowering of the North Bank Levee along the Salt River in Tempe, Arizona.” In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Hartman, C. W., and G. Squires. 2006. There is No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster: Race, Class, and Hurricane Katrina. Taylor & Francis.
HDR. 2013. “U.S. Inland Waterway Modernization: A Reconnaissance Study.” Prepared for Iowa Department of Transportation. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://iowadot.gov/systems_planning/pdf/FINALCombinedReport.pdf.
Hossain, N. U. I., S. E. Amrani, R. Jaradat, M. Marufuzzaman, R. Buchanan, C. Rinaudo, and M. Hamilton. 2020. “Modeling and assessing interdependencies between critical infrastructures using Bayesian network: A case study of inland waterway port and surrounding supply chain network.” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 198, 106898.
Gao. 2016. “Inland Waterways Fuel Tax” U.S. Government Accountability Office. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-16-682.pdf.
Ghalibafian, H., N. F. Allyn, and R. O. Foschi. 2012. “Navigation of Inland Waterways at Bridge Crossings.” Ports 2010: Building on the Past, Respecting the Future, Reston, VA: ASCE., 303–312.
Informa Economics and RiverTrends, LCC. 2012. Illinois Lock Maintenance Assessment and Funding Alternatives. Illinois Soybean Association, Memphis, Tennessee.
Inoue, K. 2000. “Evaluation Method of Ship-handling Difficulty for Navigation in Restricted and Congested Waterways.” J. Navig, 53(1), 167–180.
KTC (Kentucky Transportation Center). 2014a. Audit template for inland port sustainability. Huntington, WV: Multimodal Transportation and Infrastructure Consortium.
KTC (Kentucky Transportation Center). 2014b. Inland Waterway Operational Model & Simulation Along the Ohio River. Huntington, WV: Multimodal Transportation and Infrastructure Consortium.
MacKenzie, C. A., K. Barker, and F. H. Grant. 2012. “Evaluating the Consequences of an Inland Waterway Port Closure With a Dynamic Multiregional Interdependence Model.” In IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans. (42) 2. 359–370.
Mahmoudzadeh, A., M. Khodakarami, C. Ma, K. N. Mitchell, X. B. Wang, and Y. Zhang. 2021. “Waterway maintenance budget allocation in a multimodal network.” Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev., 146, 102215.
Manaugh, K., M. G. Badami, and A. M. El-Geneidy. 2015. “Integrating social equity into urban transportation planning: A critical evaluation of equity objectives and measures in transportation plans in North America.” Transp. Policy, 37, 167–176.
Martens, K. 2016. Transport Justice: Designing fair transportation systems. Routledge, London.
Meyer, S. D., and J. Kruse. 2007. “Factors Affecting Locking Times at 600 ft. and 1,200 ft. Locks on the Mississippi River with an Examination of Excessive Locking Time Charges.” Journal of the Transportation Research Forum. 46 (3), 1–21.
Nairn, R., E. Liegel, J. Vickerman, S. Davie, J. Cancienne, and D. Miller (2016). “Possible Re-Alignment of the Lower Mississippi River and Influences on Navigation.” 14th Triennial International Conference. Reston, VA: ASCE.
NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2015. Funding and Managing the U.S. Inland Waterways System: What Policy Makers Need to Know: What Policy Makers Need to Know. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Nelson, K., Camp, J., and Philip, J. (2015). “Navigable Inland Waterway Transportation Modeling: A Conceptual Framework and Modeling Approach for Consideration of Climate Change Induced Extreme Weather Events.” SmartRiver 2015. Argentina.
Nunnally, P. 2003. “Settlement and urban residential development along the River, 1841–1950”. In River of History: A Historic Resources Study of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, ed. John Anfinson, 163–177.
Oztanriseven, F., and H. Nachtmann. 2020. “Modeling dynamic behavior of navigable inland waterways.” Maritime Economics & Logistics, 22 (2), 173–195.
Pointon, M. R., and D. V. Grier 2012. “The Challenge to Modernize the U.S. Inland Waterways.” In Dredging '02: Key Technologies for Global Prosperity Reston, VA: ASCE, 1–11.
Raymond, C., R. M. Horton, J. Zscheischler, O. Martius, A. AghaKouchak, J. Balch, S. G. Bowen, S. J. Camargo, J. Hess, K. Kornhuber, M. Oppenheimer, A. C. Ruane, T. Wahl, and K. White. 2020. “Understanding and managing connected extreme events.” Nat. Clim. Change. 10 (7), 611–621.
Reynaerts, J. 2014. “Estimating lock congestion.” International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 6 (2).
Sills, G. L., N. D. Vroman, R. E. Wahl, and N. T. Schwanz. 2008. “Overview of New Orleans Levee Failures: Lessons Learned and Their Impact on National Levee Design and Assessment.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 134 (5), 556–565.
SteadieSeifi, M., N. P. Dellaert, W. Nuijten, T. Van Woensel, and R. Raoufi. 2014. “Multimodal freight transportation planning: A literature review.” Eur. J. Oper. Res, 233 (1), 1–15.
Vejvar, M., K. Lai, C. K. Y. Lo, and E. W. M. Furst. 2018. “Strategic responses to institutional forces pressuring sustainability practice adoption: Case-based evidence from inland port operations.” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ., 61, 274–288.
Wang, X., and F. Yang. 2020. “A Location-Routing Problem with Market Competition for Designing Inland Port Urban Delivery Network.” J. of Coastal Res., 333–338.
Wang, Y., V. M. Bier, and B. Sun. 2019. “Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation.” Risk Anal., 39 (11), 2408–2426.
Wei, J., Tian, D., Rong, H., Guo, P., Wang, W., Gong, J., Wang, Y., and Liu, H. (2018). “Inland Port Location Planning Based on User Equilibrium.” 17th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: ASCE.
UK & UT. 2014. Inland Navigation in the United States: An Evaluation of Economic Impacts and the Potential Effects of Infrastructure Investment. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky and Knoxville, TN: Center for Transportation Research, University of Tennessee. Accessed May 20, 2021. www.nationalwaterwaysfoundation.org/documents/INLANDNAVIGATIONINTHEUSDECEMBER2014.pdf.
USACE. 2018. “The U.S. Waterway System 2018 Transportation Facts & Information.” Washington DC: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Accessed May 20, 2021. https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16021coll2/id/1418/.
UT & VECTOR. 2017. The Impacts of Unscheduled Lock Outages. Knoxville, TN: Center for Transportation Research at the University of Tennessee and Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt Center for Transportation and Operational Resiliency, Vanderbilt University. Accessed May 20, 2021. www.nationalwaterwaysfoundation.org/documents/low%20res%20Lock%20Outage%20NWF_FINAL_REPORT%202017.pdf.
Wiegmans, B., and R. Konings. 2016. Inland Waterway Transport: Challenges and prospects. Routledge, London.
Winsemius, H. C., B. Jongman, T. I. E. Veldkamp, S. Hallegatte, M. Bangalore, and P. J. Ward. 2015. Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty: Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts., The World Bank.
Wilson, W, B. L. Dahl, and R. D. Taylor. 2011. “Impacts of lock capacity expansion on delay costs for grain shipped on the Mississippi River.” Journal of Transport Economics and Policies 45 (1), 129–154.
Yu, T. E., B. P. Sharma, and B. C. English. 2019. “Investigating Lock Delay on the Upper Mississippi River: a Spatial Panel Analysis.” Networks and Spatial Economics, 19 (1), 275–291.
Zhang, Y. Y., M.-S. Chang, and S. W. Fuller. 2015. “Statistical analysis of vessel waiting time and lockage time on the Upper Mississippi River.” Maritime Econ. & Log., 17 (4), 416–439.
Zhu, T., and J. R. Lund. 2009. “Up or Out?—Economic-Engineering Theory of Flood Levee Height and Setback.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 135 (2), 90–95.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Construction Research Congress 2022
Pages: 38 - 47
History
Published online: Mar 7, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.