Tran-SET 2021
Influence of Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) in Fly Ash on Alkali-Silica Reactivity and Scaling Resistance of Concrete
Publication: Tran-SET 2021
ABSTRACT
Injection of powder activated carbon (PAC) into the flue gases is one of the useful absorption-based techniques to lower the emission of mercury vapor released from coal-fired power plants. This PAC then settles in the electrostatic precipitator along with the fly ash, which has been used as a supplementary cementitious material in the concrete industry for years. Currently, contractors routinely use class C fly ash (CFA) as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement that may have an adverse effect on the long-term durability of concrete for containing PAC. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of PAC in CFA on the alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) and scaling resistance of concrete. This study will also propose an optimum amount of PAC to be used in mitigating the effect caused by ASR and scaling of concrete. To this end, test samples were produced with PAC (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% by weight of CFA) in the laboratory to the CFA obtained from two different sources. The results of the ASR tests had been analyzed based on the expansion rate with time. The concrete mix with a higher amount of PAC (0.75% by weight of CFA) showed more ASR expansion than the mix with no PAC. In addition to that, on the 20th day, all the samples exhibited a 20%–60% reduced expansion than the non-PAC and non-CFA concrete mix. On the other hand, the visual inspection of the scaling resistance tested samples suggested that the PAC-containing fly ash had no impact on the scaling resistance of concrete.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Transportation Consortium of the South-Central States (TranSET) for providing the financial support to conduct this research. The authors are also thankful to the NEAR Concrete Plant for supplying aggregates and admixtures. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank the CFA suppliers for providing fly ash samples for this study.
REFERENCES
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). (2012) Standard Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals, C672 / C672M-12, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, http://www.astm.org
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). (2013) Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method), C1567-13, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, http://www.astm.org
Costa, F. L., Torres, A. S., Neves, R. A. (2016). “Analysis of concrete structures deteriorated by alkali-aggregate reaction: case study”. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. J Build Rehabil 1:13. DOI
Detwiler, R. (1997). “The Role of Fly Ash Composition in Reducing Alkali-Silica Reaction”. Portland Cement Association. PCA RD Serial No. 2092.
Duchesne, J., and Bérubé, M.A. (2001). “Long-term effectiveness of supplementary cementing materials against alkali–silica reaction” Cem. Concr. Res. 31 (7) 1057–1063.
Gao, YM, Shim, H, Hurt, R, and Suuberg, E. (1997). “Effects of carbon on air entrainment in fly ash concrete: the role of soot and carbon black”. Energy Fuels;11:457–62.
Mahoutian, M., Lubell, A.S., and Bindiganavile, V.S. (2015). “Effect of powdered activated carbon on the air void characteristics of concrete containing fly ash”. Construction and Building Materials 80 (2015) 84–91.
Multon, S., Cyr, M., Sellier, A., Leklou, A. N., Petit, L. (2007), “Coupled effects of aggregate size and alkali content on ASR expansion” Cement and Concrete Research, Elsevier, 38 (3), pp.350–359. ff10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.013ff.ffhal-01006003
Saha, A.K. (2017). “Effect of class F fly ash on the durability properties of concrete”. Sustainable Environment Research 28 (2018) 25–31.
Saha, A. K., Khan, M.N.N, Sarkar, P.K., Shaikh, F.A., and Pramanik A. (2018). “The ASR mechanism of reactive aggregates in concrete and its mitigation by fly ash: A critical review”. Construction and Building Materials. Volume 171, Pages 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.183
Schumacher, K.A., Ideker, J.H. (2014). “New considerations in predicting mitigation of alkali-silica reaction based on fly ash chemistry” J. Mater. Civil Eng. 27 (4) 04014144.
Shehata, M. H., and Thomas, M. D.A. (2000). “The effect of fly ash composition on the expansion of concrete due to alkali-silica reaction”. Cement and Concrete Research 30 (2000) 1063–1072.
Yener, E., and Hinislioglu, S. (2011). “The Effects of Silica Fume and Fly Ash on the Scaling Resistance and Flexural Strength of Pavement Concretes”. Road Materials and Pavement Design. Volume 12 – No. 1/2011, pages 177 to 194. © 2011 Lavoisier, Paris.
Zhang, M., Zhang, W., and Xie, F. (2019). “ Experimental study on ASR performance of concrete with nano-particles”. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 18:1, 2–8.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Tran-SET 2021
Pages: 124 - 134
Editors: Zahid Hossain, Ph.D., Arkansas State University, Marwa Hassan, Ph.D., Louisiana State University, and Louay Mohammad, Ph.D., Louisiana State University
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8378-7
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Nov 17, 2021
Published in print: Nov 17, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.