Chapter
Nov 4, 2021

Seismic Retrofit Solutions of Waterfront Structures against Lateral Soil Spreading

Publication: Geo-Extreme 2021

ABSTRACT

The paper presents a novel approach and innovative engineering solutions in seismic retrofit of wharves in areas with risks of lateral spreading during an earthquake, using a case study of seismic retrofit of a historic wharf in Oakland, California. The wharf was built in the 1930s and located on a rock dike over the soft Young Bay Mud. The presence of the rock dike increases the seismic risk of lateral spreading and nonductile shear failure of piles driven through the dike. The wharf must be retrofitted and upgraded to conform to the current seismic engineering requirements. This paper describes the geotechnical investigation and structural condition assessment, site-specific seismic hazard assessment, and presents seismic retrofit strategies for stabilizing the slope stability against lateral spreading due to rock dikes over weak clay. The focus of this paper is the performance-based seismic design methods to achieve the wharf in a cost-effective, constructible, and reliable manner.

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REFERENCES

ASCE. (2015). Manual of Practice 130 Waterfront Facilities Inspection and Assessment, ASCE, Reston, VA.
ASCE. (2010). Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-10, ASCE, Reston, VA.
ASCE. (2014). Seismic Design of Piers and Wharves, ASCE 61−14, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Bray, J., and Travasarou, T. (2007). “Simplified Procedure for Estimating Earthquake Induced Deviatoric Slope Displacements.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 133(4), pp. 381–392, April 2007.
California Building Standards Commission. (2013). California Building Code, Sacramento, CA.
Computers & Structures, Inc. (2014). SAP2000 version 17, Berkeley, CA.
Martin, G. R., and Qiu, P. (1994). “Effects of Liquefaction on Vulnerability Assessment,” in NCEER Highway Project on Seismic Vulnerability of New and Existing Highway Construction, Year One Research Tasks—Technical Research Papers, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program. (2008). “Seismic Analysis and Design of Retaining Walls, Buried Structures, Slopes and Embankments.”, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY.
Risk Engineering, Inc. (2011). EZ- FRISK Version 7.62, Risk Engineering Inc., Golden, CO.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). (2015). DEEPSOIL version 6, Urbana, IL.
Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP). (2007). The Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 UCERF 2,. US Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

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Geo-Extreme 2021
Pages: 1 - 9

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Published online: Nov 4, 2021

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Sam Yao, Ph.D. [email protected]
P.E.
1Simpson Gumpertz & Heger. Email: [email protected]

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