Chapter
Nov 4, 2021

Liquefaction Resistance of a Pleistocene-Age Deposit at the Sampit Site in South Carolina

Publication: Geo-Extreme 2021

ABSTRACT

The susceptibility to liquefaction of aged soils is an ongoing concern due to the recurrence of earthquakes in the South Carolina Coastal Plain (SCCP), which includes the Charleston, South Carolina, seismic zone. This paper presents the results from a laboratory study to assess the age-related liquefaction resistance of soils from the Sampit site located within the SCCP where evidence of prehistoric and historic liquefaction has been observed. The potentially liquefiable soil studied herein has a geologic age of about 450,000 years and a possible geotechnical age of about 520 years. Stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were performed on high-quality specimens obtained from fixed piston tube samples and specimens reconstituted using water pluviation. The reconstituted specimens maintained a 60% lower cyclic stress ratio than the cyclic stress ratio of the original specimens at initial liquefaction.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.

REFERENCES

Arango, I., Lewis, M. R., and Kramer, C. 2000. Updated liquefaction potential analysis eliminates foundation retrofitting of two critical structures. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 20, 17–25.
Baxter, C. D. P., and Mitchell, J. K. 2004. Experimental Study on the Aging of Sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130 (10), 1051–1062.
Byrne, P. M., and Beaty, M. H. 1999. Assessment of Residual Strength for Embankments. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Lisboa, Portugal; Sêco e Pinto, P. (ed.); June 21-25, 1999; Vol. 3, 1013–1020.
Ghionna, V. N., and Porcino, D. 2006. Liquefaction Resistance of Undisturbed and Reconstituted Samples of a Natural Coarse Sand from Undrained Cyclic Triaxial Tests. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132 (2), 194–202.
Giles, R. T., and Pilkey, O. H. 1965. Atlantic Beach and Dune Sediments of the Southern United States. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 35 (4), 900–910.
Hasek, M. J., and Gassman, S. L. 2016. Characterization of South Carolina Coastal Plain Soils using Petrographic and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Journal of Southeastern Geology, 52 (1).
Hasek, M. J., and Gassman, S. L. 2019. Cyclic Resistance Ratio of Pleistocene-age Sands from the South Carolina Coastal Plain. Engineering Geology, 251, 158–171.
Hu, K., Gassman, S. L., and Talwani, P. 2002a. In-situ Properties of Soils at Paleoliquefaction Sites in the South Carolina Coastal Plain. Seismological Research Letters, 73 (6), 964–978.
Hu, K., Gassman, S. L., and Talwani, P. 2002b. Magnitudes of Prehistoric Earthquakes in the South Carolina Coastal Plain from Geotechnical Data. Seismological Research Letters, 73 (6), 979–991.
Hurst, V. J., and Pickering, S. M., Jr. 1997. Origin and Classification of Coastal Plain Kaolins, Southeastern USA, and the Role of Groundwater and Microbial Action. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45 (2), 274–285.
Hayati, H., and Andrus, R. D. 2009. Updated Liquefaction Resistance Correction Factors for Aged Sands. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135 (11), 1683–1692.
Lewis, M. R., Arango, I., and McHood, M. D. 2008. Site Characterization Philosophy and Liquefaction Evaluation of Aged Sands – A Savannah River Site and Bechtel Perspective. ASCE Proceedings of the Research to Practice in Geotechnical Engineering Congress 2008, Geotechnical Special Publication 180, 540–558.
Lewis, M. R., McHood, M. D., and Arango, I. 2004. Liquefaction Evaluations at the Savannah River Site. A Case History. Fifth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, April 13-17, Paper No. 3.21, 10 pp.
McCartan, L., Lemon, E. M., Jr., and Weems, R. E. 1984. Geologic Map of the Area Between Charleston and Orangeburg, South Carolina. United States Geological Survey,.
Mitchell, J. K., and Solymar, Z. V. 1984. Time-Dependent Strength Gain in Freshly Deposited or Densified Sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 110 (11), 1559–1576.
Mulilis, J. P., Seed, H. B., Chan, C. K., Mitchell, J. K., and Arulanandan, K. 1977. Effects of Sample Preparation on Sand Liquefaction. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 103 (GT2), 91–108.
Plewes, H. D., and Hofmann, B. A. 1995. Preservation and Quality Evaluation of Sand Samples Obtained for the CANLEX Project Using Thin-Walled Shelby Tubes. Proceedings of the 48th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Vancouver, BC, 181–195.
Salomone, L. A., Singh, H., and Fischer, J. A. 1978. Cyclic Shear Strength of Variably Cemented Sands. Proceedings of the ASCE Geotechnical Engineering Division Specialty Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, June 19-21, 1978; Pasadena, CA; Vol. 2, 819–835.
Schmertmann, J. H. 1991. The Mechanical Aging of Soils. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 117 (9), 1288–1330.
Seed, H. B. 1979. Soil liquefaction and cyclic mobility evaluation for level ground during earthquakes. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE;105(2).
Talwani, P., Amick, D. C., and Schaeffer, W. T. 1999. Paleoliquefaction Studies in the South Carolina Coastal Plain., 109 pp.
Talwani, P., and Schaeffer, W. T. 2001. Recurrence Rates of Large Earthquakes in the South Carolina Coastal Plain Based on Paleoliquefaction Data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106 (B4), 6621–6642.
Vaid, Y. P. and Thomas, J. 1995. Liquefaction and Post-Liquefaction Behavior of Sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 121, No. 2, 163–173.
Wan, R. G., and Guo, P. J. 2001. Effect of Microstructure on Undrained Behavior of Sands. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 38, 16–28.
Yasuda, S., Wakamatsu, K., and Nagase, H. 1994. Liquefaction of Artificially Filled Silty Sands. ASCE Proceedings on Ground Failures under Seismic Conditions, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 44, 91–104.
Yoshimine, M., and Koike, R. 2005. Liquefaction of Clean Sand with Stratified Structure due to Segregation of Particle Size. Soils and Foundations, 4 (4), 89–98.
Zhou, Y.-G., Chen, Y.-M., and Huang, B. 2005. Experimental Study of Seismic Cyclic Loading Effects on Small Strain Shear Modulus of Saturated Sands. Journal of Zhejiang University, SCIENCE, Vol. 6A, No. 3, 229–236.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Geo-Extreme 2021
Geo-Extreme 2021
Pages: 328 - 335

History

Published online: Nov 4, 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Sarah L. Gassman, Ph.D., M.ASCE [email protected]
1Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-7859. Email: [email protected]
Michael J. Hasek, Ph.D., M.ASCE [email protected]
2Doctoral Graduate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Paper
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$92.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Paper
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$92.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share