A Numerical Simulation of the Electrical Resistivity of Concrete Pavements Containing Steel Fibers
Publication: Airfield and Highway Pavements 2021
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the application of surface electrical resistivity measures to assess the durability of concrete pavements containing steel fibers. Electrical resistivity testing has become a popular method to predict the service life of concrete with a good correlation with the chloride penetration testing results. The application of surface resistivity follows the same trends for in-service materials. However, the steel reinforcement in concrete elements, including pavements introduces sources of errors in such measure. Existing literature offers techniques to minimize such errors in conventional reinforcements with the orderly spatial distribution of steel bars. The presented investigation utilized numerical simulations to identify challenges introduced by randomly distributed steel fibers in concrete pavements. Results address expected errors in surface electrical resistivity caused by short steel fibers in standard specimens and analyze these errors with respect to properties and characteristics of steel fibers and their spatial distributions within the body of the concrete. Conclusions include an assessment of errors and offer modification factors for realistic conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
AASHTO T358. (2019) Standard method of test for surface resistivity indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration. AASHTO T358-19. American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
Afroughsabet, V., and Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2015). “Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers.” Constr Build Mater 94, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.051.
ASTM C1556. (2016). Standard test method for determining the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient of cementitious mixtures by bulk diffusion. ASTM C1556-11A. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM C1760. (2012). Standard test method for bulk electrical conductivity of hardened concrete. ASTM C1760-12. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bae, Y., and Pyo, S. (2020). “Effect of steel fiber content on structural and electrical properties of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) sleepers.” Engineering Structures 222, 111131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111131.
Butler, S. L., and Sinha, G. (2012). “Forward modeling of applied geophysics methods using COMSOL and comparison with analytical and laboratory analog models.” Computers & Geosciences 42, 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2011.08.022.
Clement, R., Bergeron, M., and Moreau, S. (2011). “COMSOL Multiphysics modelling for measurement device of electrical resistivity in laboratory test cell.” Proc 2011 COMSOL Conf. October 13, 2011. Stuttgart, Germany.
COMSOL. (2019). COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 (Build: 359), COMSOL, Inc., Burlington, MA.
Fares, M., Villain, G., Bonnet, S., Palma-Lopes, S., Thauvin, B., and Thiery, M. (2018). “Determining chloride content profiles in concrete using an electrical resistivity tomography device.” Cem Concr Compos (94), 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.08.001.
Kalantari, S., and Tehrani, F. M. (2021). “Sustainability of Internally-Cured Concrete for Mitigating Shrinkage Cracking Using Service Life Prediction Models.” Proc. International RILEM Conference on Early-age and Long-term Cracking in RC Structures ENS Paris-Saclay, France. (April 9, 2021), RILEM Bookseries, Springer.
McComb, C., and Tehrani, F. M. (2015). “Enhancement of shear transfer in composite deck with mechanical fasteners.” J Eng Struct 88(1), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.046.
Mohammadi, Y., Singh, S. P., and Kaushik, S. K. (2008). “Properties of steel fibrous concrete containing mixed fibres in fresh and hardened state”. Constr Build Mater 22(5), 956–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.12.004.
Nazari, M., Tehrani, F. M., Ansari, M., Jeevanlal, B., Rahman, F., and Farshidpour, R. (2019). “Green strategies for design and construction of non-auto transportation infrastructure.”. Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose, CA.
Payakaniti, P., Pinitsoontorn, S., Thongbai, P., Amornkitbamrung, V., and Chindaprasirt, P. (2017). “Electrical conductivity and compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced fly ash geopolymeric composites.” Construction and Building Materials 135, 164–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.198.
Reichling, K., Raupach, M., and Klitzsch, N. (2015). “Determination of the distribution of electrical resistivity in reinforced concrete structures using electrical resistivity tomography.” Mater Corrosion 66(8), 763-771. https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201407763.
Rico, S., Farshidpour, R., and Tehrani, F. M. (2017). “State-of-the-art report on fiber-reinforced lightweight-aggregate concrete masonry.” J Advances Civ Eng (8078346), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8078346.
Rupnow, T. D., and Icenogle, P. J. (2012). “Surface resistivity measurements evaluated as alternative to rapid chloride permeability test for quality assurance and acceptance.” J Transportation Research Board 2290(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.3141/2290-04.
Salehi, M., Ghods, P., and Isgor, O. B. (2016). “Numerical investigation of the role of embedded reinforcement mesh on electrical resistivity measurements of concrete using the Wenner probe technique.” Mater Struct 49, 301–316. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0498-x.
Sanchez, J., Andrade, C., Torres, J., Rebolledo, N., and Fullea, J. (2017). “Determination of reinforced concrete durability with on-site resistivity measurements.” Mater Struct 50, 41. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0884-7.
Sivakumar, A. and Santhanam, M. (2006). “Mechanical properties of high strength concrete reinforced with metallic and non-metallic fibres.” Cem Concr Compos 29(8), 603–608.
Soto, A., and Tehrani, F. M. (2018). “Investigation of crack propagation in steel-concrete composite beams using fiber reinforcement.” Periodica Polytechnica Civ Eng 62(4), 956-962. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.10910.
Tehrani, F. M. (2008). Performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete in beam-column connections. Dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles.
Tehrani, F. M. (2020). “Service life prediction of structural lightweight concrete using transport properties,”, October 2020, Chicago, IL: Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate Institute.
Tehrani, F. M., and Serrano, R. M. (2014). “Crack propagation of concrete ties prestressed with single strand tendons.” J Civ Eng Research 4(3), 71-81. 10.5923.j.jce.20140403.03.
Tehrani, F. M., Masswadi, N. A., Miller, N. M., and Sadrinezhad, A. (2020). “An experimental investigation of the dynamic properties of fiber-reinforced tire-derived lightweight-aggregate concrete.” European J Eng Research Science 5(6), 702-707. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.6.1967.
Walraven, J. C. (2009). “High performance fiber reinforced concrete: progress in knowledge and design codes.” Mater Struct 42, 1247. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9538-3.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Airfield and Highway Pavements 2021
Pages: 356 - 364
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jun 4, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.