Assessment of a Cement Bound Granular Mixture Using Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Coconut Fiber
Publication: Airfield and Highway Pavements 2021
ABSTRACT
When not adequately processed, the construction and demolition waste, CDW, and green coconut shell tend to end in landfills. The big volume of material to be deposited in landfills poses an environmental problem. This work aims to promote circular economy principles under a perspective of waste valorization, by stimulating the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) derived from crushed concrete of CDW, and coconut fibers (CF) coming from green coconut shell. An RCA was characterized and used to produce a cement bound granular mixture (CBGM) for the base/subbase layers reinforced by CF. In laboratory, an experimental program was developed to evaluate the performance of the CBGM incorporating RCA and CF against a traditional CBGM. Mechanical performance was assessed through unconfined compressive strength and indirect tensile strength tests, and the durability was evaluated through the wet-dry durability method. The results indicated an adequate performance underlying the effectiveness of GBGM with RCA and CF to be used in pavement layers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
AASHTO. (2015). M 319-02 (2015) - Standard specification for reclaimed concrete aggregate for unbound soil-aggregate base course. Washington, D.C.
Agrela, F., Barbudo, A., Ramírez, A., Ayuso, J., Carvajal, M. D., and Jiménez, J. R. (2012). “Construction of road sections using mixed recycled aggregates treated with cement in Malaga, Spain.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Elsevier B.V., 58, 98–106.
Ali, M. (2014). “Seismic performance of coconut-fibre-reinforced-concrete columns with different reinforcement configurations of coconut-fibre ropes.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 70, 226–230.
Ali, M., and Chouw, N. (2013). “Experimental investigations on coconut-fibre rope tensile strength and pullout from coconut fibre reinforced concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, 41, 681–690.
Ali, M., Li, X., and Chouw, N. (2013). “Experimental investigations on bond strength between coconut fibre and concrete.” Materials and Design, Elsevier Ltd, 44, 596–605.
Ali, M., Liu, A., Sou, H., and Chouw, N. (2012). “Mechanical and dynamic properties of coconut fibre reinforced concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 30, 814–825.
Austroads. (2019). Guide to Pavement Technology Part 4D - Stabilised Materials. Sydney.
Bogas, J. A., De Brito, J., and Ramos, D. (2016). “Freeze-thaw resistance of concrete produced with fine recycled concrete aggregates.” Journal of Cleaner Production, Elsevier Ltd, 115, 294–306.
Bravo, M., De Brito, J., Pontes, J., and Evangelista, L. (2015). “Durability performance of concrete with recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste plants.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 77, 357–369.
Cardoso, R., Silva, R. V., de Brito, J., and Dhir, R. (2016). “Use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste in geotechnical applications: A literature review.” Waste Management, Elsevier Ltd, 49, 131–145.
CEN. (2003a). EN 13286-4:2003, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 4: Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content - Vibrating hammer.
CEN. (2003b). EN 13286-41:2003, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 41: Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.
CEN. (2003c). EN 13286-42:2003, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 42: Test method for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures.
CEN. (2004). EN 13286-51:2004, Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 51: Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrating hammer compaction.
CEN. (2009). EN 933-11 - Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 11: Classification test for the constituents of coarse recycled aggregate.
Chai, L., Monismith, C. L., and Harvey, J. (2009). Re-cementation of Crushed Material in Pavement Bases.
Chen, J., and Chouw, N. (2016a). “Compressive behaviour of flax FRP double tube confined coconut fibre reinforced concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 112, 666–673.
Chen, J., and Chouw, N. (2016b). “Nonlinear flexural behaviour of flax FRP double tube confined coconut fibre reinforced concrete.” Materials and Design, Elsevier Ltd, 93, 247–254.
Chen, J., and Chouw, N. (2018). “Flexural behaviour of flax FRP double tube confined coconut fibre reinforced concrete beams with interlocking interface.” Composite Structures, Elsevier, 192(February), 217–224.
Dittenber, D. B., and Gangarao, H. V. S. (2012). “Critical review of recent publications on use of natural composites in infrastructure.” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Elsevier Ltd, 43(8), 1419–1429.
Ebrahim Abu El-Maaty Behiry, A. (2013). “Utilization of cement treated recycled concrete aggregates as base or subbase layer in Egypt.” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 4, 661–673.
FOM/2523/2014. (2015). Pliego de Prescripciones Técnicas Generales para Obras de Carreteras y Puentes (PG-3).
Gonzalez-Burón, J., and Nougués, A. (2019). “Study of granular base course with incorporation of recycled concrete aggregates - Argentinas’ experience.” PIARC - 26th World Road Congress, 6-10 October 2019, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Herrador, R., Pérez, P., Garach, L., and Ordóñez, J. (2011). “Use of Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste Aggregate for Road Course Surfacing.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, 138(2), 182–190.
Hwang, C. L., Tran, V. A., Hong, J. W., and Hsieh, Y. C. (2016). “Effects of short coconut fiber on the mechanical properties, plastic cracking behavior, and impact resistance of cementitious composites.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 127, 984–992.
IP. (2014). Specifications.
Jitsangiam, P., Boonserm, K., Phenrat, T., and Chummuneerat, S. (2015). “Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Roadways: A Laboratory Examination of Self-Cementing Characteristics.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(10).
Khan, M., and Ali, M. (2018). “Effect of super plasticizer on the properties of medium strength concrete prepared with coconut fiber.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 182, 703–715.
Leite, F. D. C., Motta, R. D. S., Vasconcelos, K. L., and Bernucci, L. (2011). “Laboratory evaluation of recycled construction and demolition waste for pavements.” Construction and Building Materials, 25(6), 2972–2979.
Munawar, S. S., Umemura, K., and Kawai, S. (2007). “Characterization of the morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of seven nonwood plant fiber bundles.” Journal of Wood Science, 53(2), 108–113.
NCHRP. (2004). “ - Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures - Final Report.”
NRA-SA. (2014). “” South African Pavement Engineering Manual.
Pérez, P., Agrela, F., Herrador, R., and Ordoñez, J. (2013). “Application of cement-treated recycled materials in the construction of a section of road in Malaga, Spain.” Construction and Building Materials, 44, 593–599.
Prakash Chandar, S., Gunasekaran, K., Prasanth, K., and Senthil Kumar, G. (2018). “An experimental investigation and durability property on recycled concrete with partial replacement to fine aggregate in coconut shell concrete.” Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 11(2), 702–708.
Qamhia, I. I. A., Tutumluer, E., Ozer, H., Shoup, H., Beshears, S., and Trepanier, J. (2019). “Evaluation of Chemically Stabilized Quarry Byproduct Applications in Base and Subbase Layers through Accelerated Pavement Testing.” Transportation Research Record, 2673(3), 259–270.
Ramli, M., Kwan, W. H., and Abas, N. F. (2013). “Strength and durability of coconut-fiber-reinforced concrete in aggressive environments.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 38, 554–566.
SABS. (2012). - Determination of the wet-dry durability of compacted and cured specimens of cementitiously stabilized materials by hand brushing.
Sadati, S., and Khayat, K. H. (2016). “Field performance of concrete pavement incorporating recycled concrete aggregate.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 126, 691–700.
Sathiparan, N., Rupasinghe, M. N., and Pavithra, B. H. M. (2017). “Performance of coconut coir reinforced hydraulic cement mortar for surface plastering application.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 142, 23–30.
Sekar, A., and Kandasamy, G. (2018). “Optimization of coconut fiber in coconut shell concrete and its mechanical and bond properties.” Materials, 11(9), 14.
Tavakoli, D., Hashempour, M., and Heidari, A. (2018). “Use of waste materials in concrete: A review.” Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 26(2).
Walter Otunyo, A., and Dan Nyechieo, N. (2017). “Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviour of Coconut Fibre Reinforced Concrete (CFRC).” American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 5(5), 208–216.
Wang, W., and Chouw, N. (2017a). “Behaviour of CFRC beams strengthened by FFRP laminates under static and impact loadings.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 155, 956–964.
Wang, W., and Chouw, N. (2017b). “The behaviour of coconut fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC) under impact loading.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 134, 452–461.
Wang, W., and Chouw, N. (2018). “Flexural behaviour of FFRP wrapped CFRC beams under static and impact loadings.” International Journal of Impact Engineering, Elsevier Ltd, 111, 46–54.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jun 4, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.