Smart Rock Technology for Local Scour Monitoring of Bridge Structures
Publication: Earth and Space 2021
ABSTRACT
This study gives a comprehensive review on the smart rock technology to monitor local scour depth of bridge piers or abutments, which was originally proposed by our group in 2015. The smart rock is one or more stacked magnets encased in a concrete ball that can automatically roll to the deepest point of a scour hole around a bridge pier and provide its location through remote measurement over time. As of today, three types of spherical smart rocks designated as arbitrarily oriented system (AOS), automatically pointing south system (APSS), and automatically pointing upward system (APUS) have been developed. This study gives a comprehensive review on the smart rock technology for local scour monitoring of bridge piers, in terms of sensing principle, advantages and disadvantages, localization algorithm, effective monitoring range, as well as field test. The smart rock technology was also compared with other technology to monitor bridge scour such as optical fiber sensor, ground penetration radar, sonar, magnetic sliding collar, and so on.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Arneson, L. A., Zevenbergen, L. W., Lagasse, P. F., and Clopper, P.E. (2012). “Hydraulic engineering circular no.18: Evaluating scour at bridges.” 5th Edition, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-HIF-12-003.
Azhari, F., Scheel, P. J., and Loh, K.J. “Monitoring bridge scour using dissolved oxygen probes.” Structural Monitoring and Maintenance 2015: 2(2), 145-164.
Chen, Y., Tang, F., Li, Z., Chen, G., and Tang, Y., (2018). “Bridge scour monitoring using smart rocks based on magnetic field interference.” Smart Mater. Struct. 27: 085012.
Chen, G., Schafer, B. P., Lin, Z., Huang Y., Suaznabar O., Shen J., and Kerenyi K. (2015) “Maximum scour depth based on magnetic field change in smart rocks for foundation stability evaluation of bridges.” Struct. Health Monitor. 14(1), 86-99.
Mueller, D. S., and Landers, M.N. (1999) “Portable instrumentation for real-time measurement of scour at bridges.”, U.S. Department of Transportation.
Deng L., and Cai, C, (2010) “Bridge scour: prediction, modeling, monitoring, and countermeasures-Review,” ASCE Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 15(2): 125-134.
Ding, Y., Yan, T., Dong, X., and Wang, X. “A new type of temperature-based sensor for monitoring of bridge scour.” Measurement 2016: 78, 245-252.
Khan, M. K., Muzzammil, M., and Alam, J. (2016) “Bridge pier scour: a review mechanism, causes and geotechnical aspects,” AGE 2016, AMU ALIGARH 08-09 April 2016.
Kong, X., Cai, C. S., Hu, J. X., Xiong, W., and Peng, H. (2016). “Field application of an innovative bridge scour monitoring system with fiber Bragg grating sensors.” J. Aerospace Eng. B4016008-1-10.
Lagasse, P. F., Richardson, E. V., Schall, J. D., and Price, G.R. (1997). “Instrumentation for measuring scour at bridge piers and abutments.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
N.T.S.B. (1987). “Collapse of New York Thruway (I-90) Bridge, Schoharie Creek, near Amsterdam, New York, April 5, 1987.”.
N.T.S.B. (1989). “Collapse of the northbound U.S. Route 51 Bridge spans over the Hatchie River, near Covington, Tennessee, April 1, 1989.”.
Prendergast, L. J., and Gavin, K. (2014). “A review of bridge scour monitoring techniques.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 6(2), 138-149.
Richardson, E.V. (2002) “Instruments to measure and monitor bridge scour.” First International Conference on Scour of Foundations, ICSF-1 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Tang, F., Chen, Y., Guo, C., Fan, L., Chen, G., and Tang, Y. (2019a). “Field application of magnet-based smart rock for bridge scour monitoring.” ASCE J. Bridge Eng., 24(4), 04019015.
Tang, F., Chen, Y., Li, Z., Hu, X., Chen, G., and Tang, Y. (2019b). “Characterization and field validation of smart rocks for bridge scour monitoring.” Struct. Health Monitor., 18(5-6): 1669-1685.
Tang, Y., (2017) “Remote sensing and localization of smart rocks with orientation-controlled magnets for real-time monitoring of bridge scour and riprap effectiveness,” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology.
Xiong, W., Cai, C. S., and Kong, X. (2012). “Instrumentation design for bridge scour monitoring using fiber Bragg grating sensors.” Appl. Optics 51(5), 547-557.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Apr 15, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.