Geo-Congress 2020
Implementation and Verification of NorSand Model in General 3D Framework
Publication: Geo-Congress 2020: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Special Topics (GSP 318)
ABSTRACT
NorSand is a critical state (plasticity) model for soils in which particle to particle interactions are controlled by contact forces and slips. The state parameter allows capturing soil behavior over a wide range of confining stresses and densities using relatively few and familiar soil properties that can be determined from the routine laboratory or in situ tests. This paper presents the implementation of NorSand in the leading geotechnical software platform FLAC3D. This implemented version includes the usual three-dimensional aspects allowing for the proportion of intermediate principal stress as well as the far less common feature of principal stress rotation; these aspects allow simulation of cyclic mobility as well as static liquefaction. The results are cross-verified with a VBA-coded spreadsheet for simulations of various densities, drainage conditions, and test types, including triaxial compression and simple shear.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Been, K., and Jefferies, M. G. (1985). “A state parameter for sands.” Géotechnique, 35(2), 99-112.
Drucker, D. C., Gibson, R. E., and Henkel, D. J. (1957). “Soil mechanics and work-hardening theories of plasticity.” Trans., ASCE (122), 338-346.
Itasca (2019a), FLAC — Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, user’s manual, version 8.1, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Itasca (2019b), FLAC3D —Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions, user’s manual, version 7.0. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Jefferies, M. G. (1993). “Nor-Sand: a simple critical state model for sand.” Géotechnique, 43(1), 91-103.
Jefferies, M. G., and Shuttle, D. A. (2002). “Dilatancy in general Cambridge-type models.” Géotechnique, 52(9), 625-638.
Jefferies, M. G., and Shuttle, D. A. (2005). “NorSand: features, calibration and use.” In Soil Constitutive models: evaluation, selection, and calibration. 204-236.
Jefferies, M. G., and Shuttle, D. A. (2011). “On the operating critical friction ratio in general stress states.” Géotechnique, 61(8), 709-713.
Jefferies, M., Shuttle, D., and Been, K. (2015). “Principal stress rotation as cause of cyclic mobility.” Geotechnical Research, 2(2), 66-96.
Jefferies, M., and Been, K. (2016). Soil liquefaction, a critical state approach (second edition). Boca Raton, London, New York: CRC Press.
Morgenstern, N. (chair), Vick, S., Viotti, C., and Watts, B. (2016). Fundão tailings dam review panel report on the immediate causes of the failure of the Fundão dam. Samarco S.A., Vale S.A.
Morgenstern, N. R. (chair), Jefferies, M., Van Zyl, D., and Wates, J. (2019). Report on NTSF embankment failure. Ashurst, Australia.
Nova, R. (1982). “A constitutive model for soil under monotonic and cyclic loading.” In Soil Mechanics: Transient and Cyclic Loads, G. N. Pande, and O. C. Zienkiewicz, eds. Chichester: Wiley.
Sriskandakumar, S. (2004). “Cyclic loading response of Fraser sand for validation of numerical models simulating centrifuge tests.” Master's thesis, Department of Civil Engineering. The University of British Columbia.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Geo-Congress 2020: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Special Topics (GSP 318)
Pages: 10 - 19
Editors: James P. Hambleton, Ph.D., Northwestern University, Roman Makhnenko, Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Aaron S. Budge, Ph.D., Minnesota State University, Mankato
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8281-0
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Feb 21, 2020
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Field tests
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Laboratory tests
- Materials engineering
- Methodology (by type)
- Models (by type)
- Particles
- Research methods (by type)
- Soil dynamics
- Soil mechanics
- Soil properties
- Soil stress
- Tests (by type)
- Three-dimensional models
- Triaxial tests
- Verification
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.