Structures Congress 2018
Mitigation of Shrinkage Cracking in Bridge Decks Using Type-K Cement
Publication: Structures Congress 2018: Bridges, Transportation Structures, and Nonbuilding Structures
ABSTRACT
Cracks in concrete shorten the life of bridge decks by providing easy access for deicing chemicals. This paper investigates the use of Type-K cement as a partial replacement of Portland cement to potentially reduce cracking in bridge decks due to drying shrinkage. The first portion of the investigation consisted of large-scale laboratory experimentation conducted through the use of 2 m x 3 m experimental concrete bridge deck models. The second phase of the research focused on monitoring a newly constructed bridge deck located in Peoria, Illinois. The research involved both experimental and field investigation in order to provide a better understanding of how strain changes under service conditions, and to compare and contrast the measured strains within the large-scale experimental deck. The results showed that Type-K cement expands during early-age hydration producing compressive stresses in the concrete and reduces the onset of cracking in bridge decks.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work was supported by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) through the Illinois Center of Transportation (ICT). This publication is based on the results of ICT-R27-88, Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability. This research was conducted in cooperation with the Illinois Center for Transportation; the Illinois Department of Transportation, Office of Program Development; and the US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgements are also in order for Saint Louis University (SLU) for internal financial support. The opinions and findings of this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsors.
REFERENCES
Ardeshirilajimi, A., Wu, D., Chaunsali, P., Mondal, P., Chen, Y. T., Rahman, M. M., Ibrahim, A., Lindquist, W., and Hindi, R. (2016). "Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability." Illinois Center for Transportation, IL: Report No. FHWA-ICT-16-016.
Carlson, R., and Reading, T. (1988). "Model study of shrinkage cracking in concrete building walls." Structural Journal, 85(4), 395–404.
Chaunsali, P., Lim, S., Mondal, P., Foutch, D. A., Richardson, D., Tung, Y., and Hindi, R. (2013). "Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability." Illinois Center for Transportation, IL: Report No. FHWA-ICT-13-023.
Cheng, T., and Johnston, D. (1985). "Incidence Assessment of Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks: Construction and Material Considerations." North Carolina State University Department of Civil Engineering, Raleigh, N.C.: Report No. FHWA/NC/85-002 V.1, 232.
Darwin, D., Browning, J., and Lindquist, W. D. (2004). "Control of cracking in bridge decks: observations from the field." Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 26(2), 148–154.
French, C., Eppers, L., Le, Q., and Hajjar, J. (1999). "Transverse cracking in concrete bridge decks." Transportation Research Record 1688, Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Record 1688, Report No. MN/RC-1999-05, 21–29.
Gruner, P., and Plain, G. (1993). "Type K shrinkage-compensating cement in bridge deck concrete." Concrete International, 15(10).
Grzybowski, M., and Shah, S. P. (1990). "Shrinkage cracking of fiber reinforced concrete." Materials Journal, 87(2), 138–148.
Horn, M., Stewart, C. F., and Boulware, R. (1975). "Factors Affecting the Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks: Construction Practices." Bridge Department California Division of Highways: Interim Report No. 4 CA-DOT-ST-4104-475-3.
Klein, A., Karby, T., and Polivka, M. "Properties of an expansive cement for chemical prestressing." Proc., Journal Proceedings, 59–62.
Nagataki, S., and Gomi, H. (1998). "Expansive admixtures (mainly ettringite)." Cement and concrete composites, 20(2), 163–170.
Pittman, D. W., Ramey, G. E., Webster, G., and Carden, A. (1999). "Laboratory evaluation of concrete mixture designs employing type I and type K cement." Journal of materials in civil engineering, 11(2), 144–1150.
Richardson, D., Tung, Y., Tobias, D., and Hindi, R. (2014). "An experimental study of bridge deck cracking using type K-cement." Construction and Building Materials, 52, 366–374.
Shah, H., and Weiss, J. (2006). "Quantifying shrinkage cracking in fiber reinforced concrete using the ring test." Materials and structures, 39(9), 887–899.
Ardeshirilajimi, A., Wu, D., Chaunsali, P., Mondal, P., Chen, Y. T., Rahman, M. M., Ibrahim, A., Lindquist, W., and Hindi, R. (2016). "Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability." Illinois Center for Transportation, IL: Report No. FHWA-ICT-16-016 Nolished.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Structures Congress 2018: Bridges, Transportation Structures, and Nonbuilding Structures
Pages: 125 - 132
Editor: James Gregory Soules, CB&I
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8133-2
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Apr 17, 2018
Published in print: Apr 17, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.