International Low Impact Development Conference China 2016
Reinvent of a New Public Toilet Wastewater Treatment System Using Forward Osmosis as the Key Unit: A Resources Close-Loop Model in Urban LID
Publication: International Low Impact Development Conference China 2016: LID Applications in Sponge City Projects
ABSTRACT
To solve the sanitation problems and achieve the resource recovery goal, a new toilet system using FO (forward osmosis) as the key unit was developed. The FO membrane module was used for enrichment of source separated urine collected by vacuum toilets. After enrichment, the volume of the urine was greatly reduced and could be conveniently used as a fertilizer. Lab experiments were carried out to decide the optimal operation conditions of the FO system, and 2 M NaCl was used as the draw solution with cross flow velocity of 55 cm/s. In this condition, an average water flux about 2.5 LHM, rejection rate over 80%, and concentration times of 2.5 were achieved. A pilot scale toilet system with 6 stools was built to testify the operation result. The result showed that the system produced high quality fertilizer without addition of water and other substances and the quality of the reclaimed water basically satisfied the demands for toilet flush.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to acknowledge Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for funding for this study. Thank EnviroSystems Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd. for the contribution in building up the pilot scale toilet and Tsinghua Primary School for providing the onsite field.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
International Low Impact Development Conference China 2016: LID Applications in Sponge City Projects
Pages: 194 - 203
Editors: Haifeng Jia, Ph.D., Tsinghua University, Shaw L. Yu, Ph.D., University of Virginia, Robert Traver, Ph.D., Villanova University, Huapeng Qin, Ph.D., Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Junqi Li, Ph.D., Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, and Mike Clar, Ecosite, Inc.
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8104-2
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© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Dec 4, 2017
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