Combined Effects of Road Pricing and Rail Transit on Land Use, Transportation Systems, and Vehicle Emissions

Recognizing the role of public transit in support of road pricing and vehicle emissions reduction, this paper studies the combined effects of road pricing and rail transit on land use, transportation system, and vehicle emissions under different development scenarios. A comprehensive analysis of the impacts using a quantitative method, which combines the integrated land use and transport interaction model (TRANUS model), the scenario-planning techniques, and the emission factor model-MOBILE 6, has identified a number of important results. First, joint implementation of road pricing and transit-oriented development (TOD) strategy has better effects on land use, transportation system, and vehicle emissions. Specifically, combined implementation of these two strategies can not only alleviate the negative impact of road pricing on population and commercial, but also improve the operating conditions of the entire road network. More importantly, road pricing and TOD strategy can play mutually reinforcing roles in reducing the vehicle emissions of the entire region.