Abrasion-resistant over-coating (ARO)109AISCAmerican Institute of Steel ConstructionAlternative dispute resolution120–121American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)105American Petroleum Institute (API)102, 104American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Accuracy Standards (ASPRS)70ANSI/AISC 360-10 standard105APIAmerican Petroleum InstituteAROabrasion-resistant over-coatingAs-built drawings145ASCE 3869ASPRSAmerican Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Accuracy StandardsASTM D158668ASTM D355068Axial stress101–102Bar86, 147Bedrock conditions73–74Bending stress102Bentonite lubrication system23Borehole5, 8, 10Boulders75Buckling104–106Buried objects75, 141–142Carrier pipe6, 30, 110, 117Cherrington, Martin4, 7–9Coating, steel pipe108–110abrasion-resistant over-coating109application110fusion-bonded epoxy109other materials110polymer concrete109stress109–110Cobbles75Combined stresses104Computer systems testing137Cone penetration tests (CPTs)68Confined space rescue teams (CSRT)125Confined space safety plan124–125confined space entry and requirements124confined space entry plan124–125confined space rescue teams125Construction and survey data145–146Construction considerations123–146contingency measures140–144buried objects and obstructions141–142equipment failures140–141hole collapse143–144loss-of-fluid circulation143out-of-tolerance mitigation143pipe-coating damage144soft/loose soils142steering difficulties142–143documentation of construction144–146as-built drawings145construction and survey data145–146owner construction observation145launch preparation137–138computer systems testing137drilling and lubricating fluids138pipe clamp system137positioning system137–138testing thruster system137layout/staging129–137equipment layout130–131launch configuration131–132pipe thruster foundation132–137preconstruction survey129–130site preparation130machine operation138–140control surveys138–139cuttings disposal140fluid surface release140navigation and guidance system138slurry returns, evaluation of139slurry treatment140preconstruction activities and submittals126–129contractor qualifications126DSPT execution plan126–129safety123–126confined space safety plan124–125job hazard analysis126owner-specific safety requirements125–126preconstruction safety orientation125project-specific safety program123–124site123weather126Contingency costs63Contract documents113alternative dispute resolution120–121contract forms114–118contractor prequalifications121geotechnical risk allocation118–120Contract forms114–118categories114general conditions115plans117–118special/supplementary conditions115technical specification115–117Contractor prequalifications121Contractor qualifications126Control cabin, DSPT29Control surveys138–139CPTscone penetration testsCritical stress105CSRTconfined space rescue teamsDesktop study66–67Dewatering58, 67, 95, 97, 129, 132Differing site condition clause149Differing site conditions (DSC)118–119Direct Pipe method12–17, 149applications14–17construction layout of13vs. HDD13vs. microtunneling13pilot projects14–15pipeline preparation and stringing14projects15–17utilization15Direct steerable pipe thrusting (DSPT)1, 21, 149advantages of24beginning of11–12characterization3components22construction considerations123–146control cabin29definition1design geometry30–31Direct Pipe12–17Easy Pipe11–12engineering design for86–98environmental conditions77–80geometric design for83–86geotechnical assessment and characterization70–77HDD for4–5, 21history of4–18horizontal directional boring8–11installation process21–24drilling fluid23–24lubrication fluids23–24pull-back and tooling changes24slurry fluid23–24jobsite layout35launch seal35–36microtunneling for5–7MTBM26–27navigation and guidance system29–31pipe lubrication27–29pipe pushers for7–8, 25pipe thrusters for7–8, 25planning37–63geotechnical feasibility40–41initial criteria37–38preliminary geometric design41–54preliminary installation cost considerations57–63routing38–40worksite layout55–57power container29seismic conditions80separation equipment36site investigation65–70umbilical31–35variations17–18Dispute Resolution Board (DRB)120Distributed axial stress107Downtime96, 124, 149DP-MTBM12–13, 15–17DRBDispute Resolution BoardDrilling fluid23–24, 149plan127Drive149Dry recovery149DSCdiffering site conditionsDSPTdirect steerable pipe thrustingEasy Pipe11–12, 17–18EDFengineered drilling fluidEngineered drilling fluid (EDF)23–24, 139Engineering design for DSPT installation86–98engineered drilling fluid92–93hydraulic fracture evaluation89–90launch area considerations94–98installation tolerances97–98launch ground control94–96other geotechnical considerations94–96pipe stringing area96reception area considerations96–97workspace considerations94lubricating fluids93–94overcut and settlement90–92slurry92–93thrust forces, evaluation of86–89buoyancy assessment and control89face pressure force88frictional resistance force88influencing factors88–89pipe string force87Entry seallaunch sealEnvironmental conditions77–80flood zones79–80ground/groundwater contamination78–79Environmental costs61–62Equipment failures140–141Euler buckling theory104–105Execution plan, DSPT126–129drilling fluid plan127launch details128–129list of key personnel127material and equipment specifications127schedule127solid and fluid disposal plan128workspace layout drawings128External fluid pressure limitations86Face pressure force88, 149FBEfusion-bonded epoxyFederal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)70FGDCFederal Geographic Data CommitteeField-applied coatings110Filter cake94, 138, 150Fixed-price contracts114Flood zones79–80Fluid surface release140Frac-out5Frictional resistance force88Fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE)109, 150Fusion bonding109Gauge cut150Gauge cutter23–24, 93–94, 150GBRgeotechnical baseline reportGDRgeotechnical data reportGel150Geometric design for DSPT installation83–86external fluid pressure limitations86launch angles84launch tangent85maximum installation depth limitations86minimum depth requirements85–86radius of curvature84–85reception angles84reception tangent85Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, Part 4: Standards for Architecture, Engineering, Construction (A/E/C), and Facility Management (FGDC)70Geotechnical assessment/characterization70–77bedrock conditions73–74boulders75buried objects75characterization71–73cobbles75geotechnical reports76–77gravels75groundwater conditions74–75mixed-face conditions75mixed-reach conditions76soil behavior73subsurface conditions/classification, applicability of method based on76subsurface risk71–73Geotechnical baseline report (GBR)77, 113, 119–120Geotechnical Baseline Reports for Construction: Suggested Guidelines (ASCE)120Geotechnical data report (GDR)76–77, 118Geotechnical feasibility of DSPT40–41initial site visit41published geologic information40Geotechnical interpretive report (GIR)77Geotechnical reports76–77Geotechnical risk allocation118–120differing site conditions118–119GBR in contract119–120Geotechnical subsurface investigation methods67–69GIRgeotechnical interpretive reportGlobal Positioning System (GPS)70Golden weld150GPSGlobal Positioning SystemGravels75Ground cover150Groundwater58, 150conditions74–75contamination78–79Gyroscope30Half-pipe131–132, 136, 150HDBhorizontal directional boringHDDhorizontal directional drillingHeading150Heave150HerrenknechtDirect Pipe12–17pipe thrusters8–9, 103High-density polyethylene16, 95, 110, 129Hole collapse143–144Hoop stress102–103ground, drilling fluid, and water103thruster clamp—loading considerations103Horizontal directional boring (HDB)8–11Horizontal directional drilling (HDD)4–5, 21–22accuracy5advantage4–5vs. Direct Pipe13drawbacks5in oil and gas industry7process4–5requirements5Hydraulic fracture evaluation89–90, 150Hydrostatic water level system30, 150Inadvertent returns143, 150Indirect social effects cost60–61Installation tolerances97–98ISO (International Organization for Standardization)150JHAjob hazard analysisJob hazard analysis (JHA)126Key personnel, list of127Launch angles for DSPT installations84Launch area considerations for DSPT installation94–98installation tolerances97–98launch ground control94–96other geotechnical considerations94–96pipe stringing area96reception area considerations96–97workspace considerations94Launch casing128–131, 150Launch configuration131–132launch seal installation132shoring/shaft construction131–132surface launch132Launch details128–129Launch ground control94–96Launch pit151Launch point151Launch seal35–36, 151installation132Launch shaft151Launch tangent85Layout/staging129–137Length of installation59Lining108–110, 151Loss-of-fluid circulation143Lubrication fluids23–24, 151pipe lubricationLubrication ring151Lump sum contracts114Manual of practice3Marsh funnel viscosity139, 151Material/equipment specifications127Maximum combined stress106–107Maximum installation depth limitations86Measuring wheel151Microtunnel boring machine (MTBM)11, 22–23, 26–27diameter37maximum torque103–104torsional stress103–104Microtunneling5–7vs. Direct Pipe13in oil and gas industry7process6–7Microtunneling: ASCE Standard 36-1571, 75–76Minimum depth requirements85–86Mixed-face conditions75, 151Mixed ground151Mixed-reach conditions76, 151Mobilization costs59Moving costs59MTBMmicrotunnel boring machineNational Energy Board (NEB) of Canada16Navigation and guidance system29–31, 138, 151No hole, no paylump sum contractsNondestructive testing152N-value152Obstruction152One-pass process6, 152Open-cut pipeline installation1, 152Operating stresses107–108Out-of-tolerance mitigation143Overbend152Overcut152Owner construction observation145Owner-specific safety requirements125–126Penetration rates59–60, 152Performance specification152Personnel entry152Piezometer152Pipe annulus27Pipe clamp system137Pipe lubrication27–29Pipe pushers7–8, 25, 152vs. pipe thrusters8Prime10Pipe side workspace5Pipe string force87, 152Pipe stringing area96Pipe thrusters7–8, 25, 152foundation132–137cold weather considerations137deep foundations134design and reaction forces132–134setup/anchoring134–135staging, fabrication, and testing134–136thrust block foundations134working pad134Herrenknecht8–9vs. pipe pusher8Prime Drilling8, 10Pitch153Planning of DSPT37–63geotechnical feasibility40–41initial site visit41published geologic information40initial criteria37–38preliminary geometric design41–54components42cover49–50entry and exit angles46–48launch and reception shafts/pits42–46overburden49–50required depth based on surface features49shore approaches53–54uphill–downhill considerations50–53preliminary installation cost considerations57–63buried objects along alignment58competing projects, number of58complexity of project59contingency costs63environmental costs61–62equipment availability60geology58geotechnical conditions58groundwater58indirect social effects cost60–61installation pipe diameter and wall thickness58labor conditions59length of installation59location59mobilization costs59moving costs59penetration rates59–60project owner's reputation60qualified bidders, number of58risk analysis62–63schedule60setup costs59shafts, depth/size of59special requirements/restrictions60spoils handling/disposal60routing38–40diameter range39installation distance39–40selection39worksite layout55–57modifications based on site limitations55pipe fabrication56pipeline handling and support56site access56–57standard workspace size55storage area requirements56Polymer concrete109Port153Positioning system137–138Power container29Preconstruction safety orientation125Preconstruction survey for DSPT129–130Preliminary geometric design of DSPT41–54components42cover49–50entry and exit angles46–48launch and reception shafts/pits42–46overburden49–50required depth based on surface features49shore approaches53–54uphill–downhill considerations50–53Preliminary installation cost considerations for DSPT57–63buried objects along alignment58competing projects, number of58complexity of project59contingency costs63environmental costs61–62equipment availability60geology58geotechnical conditions58groundwater58indirect social effects cost60–61installation pipe diameter and wall thickness58labor conditions59length of installation59location59mobilization costs59moving costs59penetration rates59–60project owner's reputation60qualified bidders, number of58risk analysis62–63schedule60setup costs59shafts, depth/size of59special requirements/restrictions60spoils handling/disposal60Prequalifications, contractor121Prime Drilling pipe thrusters8, 10Prime pipe pusher10Project owner's reputation60Project-specific safety program123–124Qualified bidders, number of58Radius of curvature84–85Reception angles84Reception area considerations96–97Reception pit153Reception tangent85Recommended Practice 2A-WSD (API)102Rescue shaft153Rig side workspace5Risk analysis62–63Rock mass quality74Roll153Routing of DSPT38–40diameter range39installation distance39–40selection39Safety data sheets (SDSs)127Schedule127SDSssafety data sheetsSeismic conditions80Separation equipment36Settlement153Setup costs59Shaft construction131–132Shore approach153Shoring construction131–132Sideboom pipelayer crane153Site investigation65–70desktop study66–67geotechnical subsurface investigation methods67–69topographic and bathymetric survey69–70utility/other structure surveys69Site preparation130Site safety123Slurry fluid23–24, 153Slurry separation153Soft/loose soils142Soil behavior73Solid and fluid disposal plan128Specification115–117, 153Spoils60, 153SPTstandard penetration testStandard Guidelines for the Collection and Depiction of Existing Subsurface Utility Data69Standard penetration test (SPT)68State geologic data40Steel pipe installation101–110allowable thrust force calculation106–107distributed axial stress107maximum combined stress106–107buckling analysis and considerations104–106coating108–110abrasion-resistant over-coating109application110fusion-bonded epoxy109other materials110polymer concrete109stress109–110lining108–110operating stresses107–108stresses101–104axial stress101–102bending stress102combined stresses104hoop stress102–103torsional stresses103–104Stringing area153Subsurface conditions/classification76Subsurface risk71–73Surface launch132System2153Technical specification115–117Testing thruster system137Thruster clamp—loading considerations103Thrust forces, evaluation of86–89, 153buoyancy assessment and control89face pressure force88frictional resistance force88influencing factors88–89pipe string force87Time-and-material (T&M) contract114Tooling24, 74, 76, 127, 153Topographic and bathymetric survey69–70Torsional stresses103–104Trenchingopen-cut pipeline installationTrenchless methods2Tunnelman's ground classification72–73Turnkey/design-build contract114Two-pass installation6, 153Umbilical31–35, 153United States Geological Survey (USGS)40, 80USACEUS Army Corps of EngineersUS Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)16, 70USGSUnited States Geological SurveyUtility/other structure surveys69Weather safety126Worksite layout of DSPT55–57modifications based on site limitations55pipe fabrication56pipeline handling and support56site access56–57standard workspace size55storage area requirements56Workspace considerations94Workspace layout drawings128Yaw30, 154Yielding106
