Chapter 9
Environmental Applications of Electro-Oxidation Processes
Publication: Electro-Coagulation and Electro-Oxidation in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is an effective method for treating wastewater and for disinfection of water. This chapter provides an overview of EO processes employed to remove environmental pollutants from wastewater (WW). Persistent organic pollutants enter the WW treatment facilities from rain, agricultural, domestic, and industrial WW. The presence of pathogens in WW causes serious health problems for treatment plant personnel and community members living near facilities. Also discussed are the main sources of pollution in agricultural WW: toxic substances; organic and inorganic compounds such as heavy metals, pesticides, or plant protection products; phenols; and derivatives used in the farming industry to improve crop yield.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
Nomenclature
- AOP
- Advanced oxidation process
- BDD
- Boron-doped diamond
- BOD
- Biological oxygen demand
- COD
- Chemical oxygen demand
- EC
- Electrocoagulation
- EO
- Eectro-oxidation
- ER
- Electroreduction
- KP
- Ketoprofen
- PW
- Produced water
- PhAC
- Pharmaceutically active compound
- POP
- Persistent organic pollutant
- TOC
- Total organic carbon
- WW
- Wastewater
References
Abbas, A. A., G. Jingsong, L. Z. Ping, P. Y. Ya, and W. S. Al-Rekabi. 2009. “Review on landfill leachate treatments.” J. Appl. Sci. Res. 5 (5): 534–545.
Adhikari, B., and S. N. Khanal. 2015. “Qualitative study of landfill leachate from different ages of landfill sites of various countries including Nepal.” J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol. 9 (1): 2319–2399.
Alfafara, C. G., T. Kawamori, N. Nomura, M. Kiuchi, and M. Matsumura. 2004. “Electrolytic removal of ammonia from brine wastewater: Scale-up, operation and pilot-scale evaluation.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 79 (3): 291–298.
Amokrane, A., C. Comel, and J. Veron. 1997. “Landfill leachates pretreatment by coagulation-flocculation.” Water Res. 31 (11): 2775–2782.
Anglada, A., A. Urtiaga, and I. Ortiz. 2009. “Contributions of electrochemical oxidation to waste-water treatment: Fundamentals and review of applications.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 84 (12): 1747–1755.
Badmus, K. O., J. O. Tijani, E. Massima, and L. Petrik. 2018. “Treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitation in synergy with advanced oxidation process.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25 (8): 7299–7314.
Baig, S., I. Coulomb, P. Courant, and P. Liechti. 1999. “Treatment of landfill leachates: Lapeyrouse and Satrod case studies.” Ozone: Sci. Eng. 21 (1): 1–22.
Bashir, M. J. K., H. A. Aziz, S. Q. Aziz, and S. S. Abu Amr. 2013. “An overview of electro-oxidation processes performance in stabilized landfill leachate treatment.” Desalin. Water Treat. 51 (10–12): 2170–2184.
Bergmann, M. E. H., and J. Rollin. 2007. “Product and by-product formation in laboratory studies on disinfection electrolysis of water using boron-doped diamond anodes.” Catal. Today 124 (3–4): 198–203.
Bhalla, B., M. Saini, and M. Jha. 2013. “Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of municipal solid waste landfill.” Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 2 (8): 223–232.
Bisschops, I., and H. Spanjers. 2003. “Literature review on textile wastewater characterisation.” Environ. Technol. 24 (11): 1399–1411.
Brillas, E., I. Sirés, C. Arias, P. L. Cabot, F. Centellas, R. M. Rodríguez, et al. 2005. “Mineralization of paracetamol in aqueous medium by anodic oxidation with a boron-doped diamond electrode.” Chemosphere 58 (4): 399–406.
Brillas, E., I. Sirés, and M. A. Oturan. 2009. “Electro-Fenton process and related electrochemical technologies based on Fenton's reaction chemistry.” Chem. Rev. 109 (12): 6570–6631.
Britto-Costa, P. H., and L. A. M. Ruotolo. 2012. “Phenol removal from wastewaters by electrochemical oxidation using boron doped diamond (BDD) and Ti/Ti0.7Ru0.3O2 DSA® electrodes.” Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 29 (4): 763–773.
Bruguera-Casamada, C., I. Sirés, E. Brillas, and R. M. Araujo. 2017. “Effect of electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals, active chlorine and organic matter on the electrochemical inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using BDD and dimensionally stable anodes.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 178: 224–231.
Cabeza, A., A. Urtiaga, M.-J. Rivero, and I. Ortiz. 2007. “Ammonium removal from landfill leachate by anodic oxidation.” J. Hazard. Mater. 144 (3): 715–719.
Cañizares, P., F. Martínez, C. Jiménez, J. Lobato, and M. A. Rodrigo. 2006. “Coagulation and electrocoagulation of wastes polluted with dyes.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (20): 6418–6424.
Cano, A., P. Cañizares, C. Barrera-Díaz, C. Sáez, and M. A. Rodrigo. 2012. “Use of conductive-diamond electrochemical-oxidation for the disinfection of several actual treated wastewaters.” Chem. Eng. J. 211–212: 463–469.
Chen, G. 2004. “Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 38 (1): 11–41.
Cossu, R., A. M. Polcaro, M. C. Lavagnolo, M. Mascia, S. Palmas, and F. Renoldi. 1998. “Electrochemical treatment of landfill leachate: Oxidation at Ti/PbO2 and Ti/SnO2 anodes.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (22): 3570–3573.
Daghrir, R., P. Drogui, and J. Tshibangu. 2014. “Efficient treatment of domestic wastewater by electrochemical oxidation process using bored doped diamond anode.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 131: 79–83.
Dbira, S., N. Bensalah, M. I. Ahmad, and A. Bedoui. 2019. “Electrochemical oxidation/disinfection of urine wastewaters with different anode materials.” Materials 12 (8): 1254.
Deng, Y., and J. D. Englehardt. 2007. “Electrochemical oxidation for landfill leachate treatment.” Waste Manage. 27 (3): 380–388.
de Oliveira, M. S., L. F. da Silva, A. D. Barbosa, L. L. Romualdo, G. Sadoyama, and L. S. Andrade. 2019. “Landfill leachate treatment by combining coagulation and advanced electrochemical oxidation techniques.” ChemElectroChem 6 (5): 1427–1433.
Ding, J., L. Wei, H. Huang, Q. Zhao, W. Hou, F. T. Kabutey, et al. 2018. “Tertiary treatment of landfill leachate by an integrated electro-oxidation/electro-coagulation/electro-reduction process: Performance and mechanism.” J. Hazard. Mater. 351: 90–97.
Dixit, A., S. Dixit, and C. Goswami. 2011. “Process and plants for wastewater remediation: A review.” Sci. Rev. Chem. Commun. 11: 71–77.
Doǧan, D., and H. Türkdemir. 2005. “Electrochemical oxidation of textile dye indigo.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 80 (8): 916–923.
Durán, A., J. M. Monteagudo, J. Gil, A. J. Expósito, and I. San Martín. 2015. “Solar-photo-Fenton treatment of wastewater from the beverage industry: Intensification with ferrioxalate.” Chem. Eng. J. 270: 612–620.
Ebeling, J. M., K. L. Rishel, and P. L. Sibrell. 2005. “Screening and evaluation of polymers as flocculation aids for the treatment of aquacultural effluents.” Aquacult. Eng. 33 (4): 235–249.
Ekins, P., R. Vanner, and J. Firebrace. 2007. “Zero emissions of oil in water from offshore oil and gas installations: Economic and environmental implications.” J. Cleaner Prod. 15 (13–14): 1302–1315.
Fakhru'l-Razi, A., A. Pendashteh, L. C. Abdullah, D. R. A. Biak, S. S. Madaeni, and Z. Z. Abidin. 2009. “Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment.” J. Hazard. Mater. 170 (2–3): 530–551.
Fallahzadeh, R. A., and F. Omidi. 2019. “Electro-oxidation as an effective process for removing antibiotics and persistent organic compounds resistant to biodegradation.” J. Environ. Health Sustainable Dev. 4 (4): 862–865.
Farhat, A., J. Keller, S. Tait, and J. Radjenovic. 2015. “Removal of persistent organic contaminants by electrochemically activated sulfate.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (24): 14326–14333.
Fernandes, A., M. J. Pacheco, L. Ciríaco, and A. Lopes. 2012. “Anodic oxidation of a biologically treated leachate on a boron-doped diamond anode.” J. Hazard. Mater. 199–200: 82–87.
Floesser-Mueller, H., and W. Schwack. 2001. “Photochemistry of organophosphorus insecticides.” In Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology, edited by G. W. Ware, 129–228. New York: Springer.
Frontistis, Z., C. Brebou, D. Venieri, D. Mantzavinos, and A. Katsaounis. 2011. “BDD anodic oxidation as tertiary wastewater treatment for the removal of emerging micro-pollutants, pathogens and organic matter.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 86 (10): 1233–1236.
Fu, L., G. Lai, P. J. Mahon, J. Wang, D. Zhu, B. Jia, et al. 2014. “Carbon nanotube and graphene oxide directed electrochemical synthesis of silver dendrites.” RSC Adv. 4 (75): 39645–39650.
Ganizadeh, F., A. Rezaee, and H. Godini. 2017. “Elimination of pathogenic bacteria using electrochemical process containing steel mesh electrode.” J. Adv. Environ. Health Res. 5 (1): 23–28.
Gerardi, M. H., and M. C. Zimmerman. 2004. Wastewater pathogens. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Hupert, M., A. Muck, J. Wang, J. Stotter, Z. Cvackova, S. Haymond, et al. 2003. “Conductive diamond thin-films in electrochemistry.” Diamond Relat. Mater. 12 (10–11): 1940–1949.
Ikehata, K., and M. Gamal El-Din. 2005. “Aqueous pesticide degradation by ozonation and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes: A review (Part I).” Ozone Sci. Eng. 27 (2): 83–114.
Jeong, J., C. Kim, and J. Yoon. 2009. “The effect of electrode material on the generation of oxidants and microbial inactivation in the electrochemical disinfection processes.” Water Res. 43 (4): 895–901.
Jeong, J., J. Y. Kim, M. Cho, W. Choi, and J. Yoon. 2007. “Inactivation of Escherichia coli in the electrochemical disinfection process using a Pt anode.” Chemosphere 67 (4): 652–659.
Karpińska, J., and U. Kotowska. 2019. Removal of organic pollution in the water environment. Basel, Switzerland: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
Katsoyiannis, A., and C. Samara. 2004. “Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the sewage treatment plant of Thessaloniki, northern Greece: Occurrence and removal.” Water Res. 38 (11): 2685–2698.
Kaur, P., J. P. Kushwaha, and V. K. Sangal. 2017. “Evaluation and disposability study of actual textile wastewater treatment by electro-oxidation method using Ti/RuO2 anode.” Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 111: 13–22.
Kaur, P., V. K. Sangal, and J. P. Kushwaha. 2015. “Modeling and evaluation of electro-oxidation of dye wastewater using artificial neural networks.” RSC Adv. 5 (44): 34663–34671.
Kim, S., C. Park, T.-H. Kim, J. Lee, and S.-W. Kim. 2003. “COD reduction and decolorization of textile effluent using a combined process.” J. Biosci. Bioeng. 95 (1): 102–105.
Körbahti, B. K., and A. Tanyolaç. 2009. “Continuous electrochemical treatment of simulated industrial textile wastewater from industrial components in a tubular reactor.” J. Hazard. Mater. 170 (2–3): 771–778.
Kushwaha, J. P., V. C. Srivastava, and I. D. Mall. 2010. “Organics removal from dairy wastewater by electrochemical treatment and residue disposal.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 76 (2): 198–205.
Landeros, C. R., C. E. B. Díaz, A. A. Cháves, and G. R. Morales. 2017. “Evaluation of a coupled system of electro-oxidation and ozonation to remove the pesticide Thiodan® 35 CE (endosulfan) in aqueous solution.” Fuel 198: 91–98.
Li, W., Q. Zhou, and T. Hua. 2010. “Removal of organic matter from landfill leachate by advanced oxidation processes: A review.” Int. J. Chem. Eng. 2010: 270532.
Lim, C. K., T. W. Seow, C. H. Neoh, M. H. M. Nor, Z. Ibrahim, I. Ware, et al. 2016. “Treatment of landfill leachate using ASBR combined with zeolite adsorption technology.” 3 Biotech 6 (2): 195.
López-Gálvez, F., G. D. Posada-Izquierdo, M. V. Selma, F. Pérez-Rodríguez, J. Gobet, M. I. Gil, et al. 2012. “Electrochemical disinfection: An efficient treatment to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 in process wash water containing organic matter.” Food Microbiol. 30 (1): 146–156.
Ma, H., and B. Wang. 2006. “Electrochemical pilot-scale plant for oil field produced wastewater by M/C/Fe electrodes for injection.” J. Hazard. Mater. 132 (2–3): 237–243.
Ma, L., B. Yu, Y. Yu, J. Li, J. Ren, H. Wei, et al. 2014. “Indirect electrochemical oxidation of pentachlorophenol in the presence of different halides: Behavior and mechanism.” Desalin. Water Treat. 52 (7–9): 1462–1471.
Ma, Q., T. Liu, T. Tang, H. Yin, and S. Ai. 2011. “Drinking water disinfection by hemin-modified graphite felt and electrogenerated reactive oxygen species.” Electrochim. Acta 56 (24): 8278–8284.
Martinez-Huitle, C. A., and S. Ferro. 2006. “Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants for the wastewater treatment: Direct and indirect processes.” Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 (12): 1324–1340.
Martínez-Huitle, C. A., and M. Panizza. 2018. “Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants for wastewater treatment.” Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 11: 62–71.
Mercer, B., L. Ames, C. Touhill, W. Van Slyke, and R. Dean. 1970. “Ammonia removal from secondary effluents by selective ion exchange.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 42 (2): R95–R107.
Miladinovic, N., and L. Weatherley. 2008. “Intensification of ammonia removal in a combined ion-exchange and nitrification column.” Chem. Eng. J. 135 (1–2): 15–24.
Mostafazadeh, A. K., A. T. Benguit, A. Carabin, P. Drogui, and E. Brien. 2019. “Development of combined membrane filtration, electrochemical technologies, and adsorption processes for treatment and reuse of laundry wastewater and removal of nonylphenol ethoxylates as surfactants.” J. Water Process Eng. 28: 277–292.
Mukimin, A., H. Vistanty, and N. Zen. 2015. “Oxidation of textile wastewater using cylinder Ti/β-PbO2 electrode in electrocatalytic tube reactor.” Chem. Eng. J. 259: 430–437.
Mukimin, A., N. Zen, A. Purwanto, K. A. Wicaksono, H. Vistanty, and A. S. Alfauzi. 2017. “Application of a full-scale electrocatalytic reactor as real batik printing wastewater treatment by indirect oxidation process.” J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 5 (5): 5222–5232.
Murugananthan, M., S. Latha, G. B. Raju, and S. Yoshihara. 2010. “Anodic oxidation of ketoprofen—An anti-inflammatory drug using boron doped diamond and platinum electrodes.” J. Hazard. Mater. 180 (1–3): 753–758.
O'Farrell, T. P., F. P. Frauson, A. F. Cassel, and D. F. Bishop. 1972. “Nitrogen removal by ammonia stripping.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 44 (8): 1527–1535.
Ölmez, T., I. Kabdaşlı, and O. Tünay. 2007. “The effect of the textile industry dye bath additive EDTMPA on colour removal characteristics by ozone oxidation.” Water Sci. Technol. 55 (10): 145–153.
O'Neill, C., F. R. Hawkes, D. L. Hawkes, N. D. Lourenço, H. M. Pinheiro, and W. Delée. 1999. “Colour in textile effluents—Sources, measurement, discharge consents and simulation: A review.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 74 (11): 1009–1018.
Oturan, M. A. 2014. Electrochemical advanced oxidation technologies for removal of organic pollutants from water. Berlin: Springer.
Oturan, M. A., P. Nidheesh, and M. Zhou. 2018. “Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the abatement of persistent organic pollutants.” Chemosphere 209: 17–19.
Palacios, G. L., and M. B. Timmons. 2001. “Determining design parameters for recovery of aquaculture wastewater using sand beds.” Aquacult. Eng. 24 (4): 289–299.
Pariatamby, A., and Y. L. Kee. 2016. “Persistent organic pollutants management and remediation.” Procedia Environ. Sci. 31: 842–848.
Pasalari, H., M. Farzadkia, M. Gholami, and M. M. Emamjomeh. 2019. “Management of landfill leachate in Iran: Valorization, characteristics, and environmental approaches.” Environ. Chem. Lett. 17 (1): 335–348.
Pouran, S. R., A. R. A. Aziz, and W. M. A. W. Daud. 2015. “Review on the main advances in photo-Fenton oxidation system for recalcitrant wastewaters.” J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 21: 53–69.
Pressley, T. A., D. F. Bishop, and S. G. Roan. 1972. “Ammonia–nitrogen removal by breakpoint chlorination.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 6 (7): 622–628.
Pulgarin, C., N. Adler, P. Peringer, and C. Comninellis. 1994. “Electrochemical detoxification of a 1,4-benzoquinone solution in wastewater treatment.” Water Res. 28 (4): 887–893.
Radjenovic, J., and D. L. Sedlak. 2015. “Challenges and opportunities for electrochemical processes as next-generation technologies for the treatment of contaminated water.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (19): 11292–11302.
Ren, Q., C. Yin, Z. Chen, M. Cheng, Y. Ren, X. Xie, et al. 2019. “Efficient sonoelectrochemical decomposition of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution.” Microchem. J. 145: 146–153.
Renou, S., J. G. Givaudan, S. Poulain, F. Dirassouyan, and P. Moulin. 2008. “Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity.” J. Hazard. Mater. 150 (3): 468–493.
Rodgers, J. D., W. Jedral, and N. J. Bunce. 1999. “Electrochemical oxidation of chlorinated phenols.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 (9): 1453–1457.
Sakalis, A., K. Mpoulmpasakos, U. Nickel, K. Fytianos, and A. Voulgaropoulos. 2005. “Evaluation of a novel electrochemical pilot plant process for azodyes removal from textile wastewater.” Chem. Eng. J. 111 (1): 63–70.
Santhanam, N. 2009. Oilgae guide to algae-based wastewater treatment. Chennai, India: Home of Algal Energy.
Santos, I. D., J. C. Afonso, and A. J. B. Dutra. 2010. “Behavior of a Ti/RuO2 anode in concentrated chloride medium for phenol and their chlorinated intermediates electrooxidation.” Sep. Purif. Technol. 76 (2): 151–157.
Särkkä, H., A. Bhatnagar, and M. Sillanpää. 2015. “Recent developments of electro-oxidation in water treatment—A review.” J. Electroanal. Chem. 754: 46–56.
Särkkä, H., M. Vepsäläinen, M. Pulliainen, and M. Sillanpää. 2008. “Electrochemical inactivation of paper mill bacteria with mixed metal oxide electrode.” J. Hazard. Mater. 156 (1–3): 208–213.
Schmalz, V., T. Dittmar, D. Haaken, and E. Worch. 2009. “Electrochemical disinfection of biologically treated wastewater from small treatment systems by using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes—Contribution for direct reuse of domestic wastewater.” Water Res. 43 (20): 5260–5266.
Sharrer, M. J., Y. Tal, D. Ferrier, J. A. Hankins, and S. T. Summerfelt. 2007. “Membrane biological reactor treatment of a saline backwash flow from a recirculating aquaculture system.” Aquacult. Eng. 36 (2): 159–176.
Singla, J., V. K. Sangal, A. Singh, and A. Verma. 2020. “Application of mixed metal oxide anode for the electro-oxidation/disinfection of synthetic urine: Potential of harnessing molecular hydrogen generation.” J. Environ. Manage. 255: 109847.
Terezo, A. J., and E. C. Pereira. 2002. “Preparation and characterisation of Ti/RuO2 anodes obtained by sol–gel and conventional routes.” Mater. Lett. 53 (4–5): 339–345.
Trellu, C., B. P. Chaplin, C. Coetsier, R. Esmilaire, S. Cerneaux, C. Causserand, et al. 2018. “Electro-oxidation of organic pollutants by reactive electrochemical membranes.” Chemosphere 208: 159–175.
Turro, E., A. Giannis, R. Cossu, E. Gidarakos, D. Mantzavinos, and A. Katsaounis. 2011. “Electrochemical oxidation of stabilized landfill leachate on DSA electrodes.” J. Hazard. Mater. 190 (1–3): 460–465.
Ukundimana, Z., P. I. Omwene, E. Gengec, O. T. Can, and M. Kobya. 2018. “Electrooxidation as post treatment of ultrafiltration effluent in a landfill leachate MBR treatment plant: Effects of BDD, Pt and DSA anode types.” Electrochim. Acta 286: 252–263.
Urtiaga, A., A. Rueda, Á Anglada, and I. Ortiz. 2009. “Integrated treatment of landfill leachates including electrooxidation at pilot plant scale.” J. Hazard. Mater. 166 (2–3): 1530–1534.
Vallejo, M., M. F. San Román, A. Irabien, and I. Ortiz. 2013. “Comparative study of the destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans during Fenton and electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachates.” Chemosphere 90 (1): 132–138.
Vijayaraghavan, K., D. Ahmad, and T. S. Bin Fadzin. 2008. “In situ hypochlorous acid generation for the treatment of brackish shrimp aquaculture wastewater.” Aquacult. Res. 39 (5): 449–456.
Vlyssides, A. G., M. Loizidou, P. K. Karlis, A. A. Zorpas, and D. Papaioannou. 1999. “Electrochemical oxidation of a textile dye wastewater using a Pt/Ti electrode.” J. Hazard. Mater. 70 (1–2): 41–52.
Zhou, B., Z. Yu, Q. Wei, H. Long, Y. Xie, and Y. Wang. 2016. “Electrochemical oxidation of biological pretreated and membrane separated landfill leachate concentrates on boron doped diamond anode.” Appl. Surf. Sci. 377: 406–415.
Zhu, X., J. Ni, and P. Lai. 2009. “Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater by electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond electrodes.” Water Res. 43 (17): 4347–4355.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Electro-Coagulation and Electro-Oxidation in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Pages: 241 - 269
Editors: Patrick Drogui, Ph.D., Université du Québec, R. D. Tyagi, Ph.D., Université du Québec, Rao Y. Surampalli, Ph.D., Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Tian C. Zhang, Ph.D., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Song Yan, Ph.D., Université du Québec, and Xiaolei Zhang, Ph.D., Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
ISBN (Print): 978-0-7844-1602-0
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8399-2
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 12, 2022
Published in print: May 27, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.