Index for Total Maximum Daily Load Development and Implementation

abbreviations

389–394

advanced along track scanning radiometer (AATSR)

204

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E)

204

Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)

204

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)

389

Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR)

204

Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS)

208

aerial imaging platforms

205. See also remote sensing

agricultural nonpoint-source (AGNPS)

33–34, 389. See also watershed models

Agricultural Research Service (ARS)

33, 389

agricultural runoff management (ARM)

38. See also watershed models

airborne prism experiment (APEX)

207

airborne visible/infrared spectrometer (AVIRIS)

207, 389

airborne visible/infrared spectrometer-next generation (AVIRIS-NG)

207

Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM)

121, 348, 389

Analysis Ready Data (ARD)

206

annualized agricultural nonpoint-source (AnnAGNPS)

33–34, 389. See also watershed models

Aqua Earth-observing satellite

204. See also remote sensing

ArcView combined with SWAT (AVSWAT)

389

ArcView generalized watershed loading function (AVGWLF)

37, 358, 389

ArcView Soil and Water Assessment Tool (ArcSWAT)

41

areal nonpoint-source watershed environment response simulation (ANSWERS)

34–35, 389. See also watershed models

Assessment and Total Maximum Daily Load Tracking and Implementation System (ATTAINS)

279, 308, 389

assimilative capacity

383

Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS)

204

Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA)

201

Bacteria Loading Estimator Spreadsheet Tool (BLEST)

159

BASINS modeling system

108

BASINS model releases

109

BASINS utilities

115t–116t

data and supported models in

109, 112

key BASINS components

110t–111t

models and model descriptions in

113t–114t

state-of-the-practice

130. See also integrated modeling systems

BATHTUB model

155–156. See also simple models and methods

Bayesian inference methods

284

Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC)

276, 389

Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis

289

advantage of

289

cumulative distribution function

292

implementation of

290

likelihood function

292

model outputs to observations and modeling errors

290

posterior distributions

291

probability density function

292. See also model uncertainty analysis

beneficial/designated uses

383

best management practices (BMPs)

3, 200, 357, 383, 389

Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS)

7, 38, 108, 201, 222, 389. See also BASINS modeling system;

model calibration and validation

biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

44, 383, 389

breakpoint rainfall

383

Calculation of Percent (PCT)

392

calibration

383

California Department of Water Resources (CDWR)

389

California Environmental Protection Agency (CEPA)

390

Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD)

389

cascade of planes in two-dimensional (CASC2D)

36, 389

Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (CCHE)

389

Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering-1D/2D/3D (CCHE-1D/2D/3D)

96, 389

applicability to total maximum daily load studies

97

model background and capabilities

96. See also receiving water quality models

Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM)

335, 390

Central Valley Water Board (CVWB)

390

CE-Qual-W2

390

applicability to total maximum daily load studies

94

model

93f

model background and capabilities

93–94. See also receiving water quality models

chemical oxygen demand (COD)

33, 390

Chesapeake assessment scenario tool (CAST)

358, 389

Chesapeake Bay marketplace

21–22

Chesapeake Bay Program

10, 180, 367. See also state or watershed-specific models

Chesapeake Bay TMDL

359. See also TMDL implementation modeling

chlorophyll-a (Chl-a)

348, 390

Clean Water Act (CWA)

1, 332, 383–384, 390

Clean Water State Revolving Fund

6

climate assessment tool (CAT)

112, 389

Clouds and Earth's radiant energy system (CERES)

204

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

2

coefficients of variation (CVs)

287

combined sewer overflows (CSOs)

369

community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ)

118, 390

compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI)

207

complex water control structures

44

confirmation or corroborative testing

384

Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science (CUAHSI)

217

contaminants

85

emerging

333

continuous simulation method

178. See also critical condition

conversion of units

379t–381t

Corps of Engineers Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model (CE-QUAL-ICM)

89, 90f

applicability to total maximum daily load studies

90

features of

89

model background and capabilities

89. See also receiving water quality models

critical condition

169, 384

Chesapeake Bay Program

180

Chesapeake Bay TMDL

179

comparison of available methods

173t–175t

continuous simulation method

178

critical flow-storm approach

183–186

determination

169, 186

dynamic continuous simulation models to analyze impairment

177–180

load–duration curves

181–183

methodology for

171

7Q10

170, 172

specific critical conditions

170

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

187–188

steady-state models to analyze impairment

172, 176–177

TMDL development examples

176

USEPA's water quality criteria

170, 177

critical flow storm (CFS)

171, 183–186, 390. See also critical condition

cumulative distribution function (CDF)

292

curve number (CN)

136, 390

customary units

379t–381t

Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI)

40, 100

data management

221. See also model calibration and validation

decision support system (DSS)

308, 390

Decision Support Tool (DST)

390

Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC)

390

Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC)

390

Department of Natural Resources (DNR)

390

designated use (DU)

384, 387, 390

digital elevation model (DEM)

42

digital elevation processing software

202

dissolved oxygen (DO)

120, 175, 201, 216, 384, 390

dissolved phosphorus (DP)

390

Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)

390

distribution testing

251. See also model calibration and validation

Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS)

204

dynamic continuous simulation models

177–180. See also critical condition

Dynamic One-Dimensional River Model by Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD-RIV1)

390

Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Model (DYRESM)

390

Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Model-Water Quality (DYRESM-WQ)

390

dynamic watershed simulation model (DWSM)

35–36, 390. See also watershed models

ECOLAB

41. See also watershed models

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

45

Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)

89, 116

Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)

296. See also model uncertainty analysis

Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI)

390

Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC)

91, 120, 330, 390

applicability to total maximum daily load studies

92–93

model background and capabilities

91–92

water quality model

92. See also receiving water quality models

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

390

Environmental Protection Division (EPD)

97, 390

Environmental Protection Division-RIV1 (EPD-RIV1)

97

applicability to total maximum daily load studies

97–98

model background and capabilities

97. See also receiving water quality models

Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)

109, 390

eutrophication processes

87

evapotranspiration (ET)

209

Everglades agricultural area model (EAAMOD)

44

Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)

296. See also model uncertainty analysis

Fecal Coliform (FC)

390

Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972

4

first-order error analysis (FOEA)

276, 390

first-order variance analysis (FOVA)

278, 286–288, 390

coefficients of variation

287

dimensionless sensitivity coefficients

287

implementation of

287–288. See also model uncertainty analysis

Fish and Wildlife (F&W)

390

Flow–Duration Curve (FDC)

390

Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE)

284, 390

generalized watershed loading function (GWLF)

37, 109, 154, 358, 390

AVGWLF

155

GWLF-E

367. See also watershed models

geographical information system (GIS)

109, 154, 201, 367, 390

advantages of using

155

applications in total maximum daily load modeling

208–210

dataset sources

202

geodatabase

371–372

platforms

202

proprietary software modeling frameworks

202

software for digital elevation processing

202

spatial modeling of data

203

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

210

water resource model interfaces

210

workflow models

154–155. See also model data

remote sensing

simple models and methods

state or watershed-specific models

Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS)

204

graphical user interface (GUI)

59, 91, 390

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)

208

gridded surface and subsurface hydrologic analysis (GSSHA)

36–37, 116, 390. See also watershed models

groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems (GLEAMS)

44. See also watershed models

Growing Season Average (GSA)

390

HEC Center–Data Storage System (HEC-DSS)

222, 391. See also model calibration and validation

HEC-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)

222

HEC-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS)

222

HSPF enhanced expert system (HSPEXP+)

254, 391

Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB)

204

hydraulic structures

94

hydrodynamic models

91, 129. See also CE-Qual-W2

Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF)

38–39, 118, 127, 179. See also watershed models

Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC)

94, 222, 391

Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)

37–38, 391. See also watershed models

Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS)

94, 391

applicability to total maximum daily load studies

96

model background and capabilities

94

nutrient simulation modules in

95f. See also receiving water quality models

hydrologic modeling

38. See also watershed models

hydrologic response units (HRUs)

42

Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF)

222, 391

hyperspectral remote sensing imagery

207–208. See also remote sensing

hyperspectral sensors

207. See also remote sensing

hypothesis testing

251, 253. See also model calibration and validation

Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESAT-2)

208

ICM. See Corps of Engineers Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model

Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (IDEQ)

391

impairment

384

implementation modeling

384

implementation plan

384

importance sampling (IS)

284, 391

information/results

384

infrared (IR)

203, 391

inherent optical properties (IOP)

207

Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS)

217

integrated hydrological model (IHM)

117, 391

Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS)

45

integrated modeling systems

107, 108, 128–129, 384

BASINS modeling system

108–112

performance evaluations of

126–128

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

129

watershed modeling system

112, 116–117. See also linked models

integrated parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis tool plus (IPEAT+)

254

Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR)

391

jurisdictional agency

384

Kalman filtering (KF)

295–296. See also model uncertainty analysis

kinematic runoff and erosion (KINEROS)

39–40, 391. See also watershed models

Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE)

250

land use/land cover (LULC)

193, 216, 391

Laterally Averaged Reservoir Model (LARM)

391

Latin hypercube sampling (LHS)

289, 391

leave-one-out (LOO)

255

light detection and ranging (LiDAR)

206, 391. See also remote sensing

linkages

107–108. See also linked models

linked models

107, 117, 128–129

in Chesapeake Bay total maximum daily load

118–120

HSPF, UnTRIM, and CE-QUAL-ICM applied to Lynnhaven river watershed

122–126, 127t

LSPC-EFDC-WASP models applied to Saugahatchee Creek watershed

120–122

performance evaluations of

126–128

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

129. See also integrated modeling systems

Little Hoover Commission (LHC)

333, 391

load allocation (LA)

385, 391

load capacity (LC)

273, 391

load–duration curve (LDC)

157–159, 171, 181–183, 391. See also critical condition

simple models and methods

LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST)

149–150, 200. See also simple models and methods

Loading Simulation Program C (LSPC)

222

Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC)

40, 120, 391. See also watershed models

Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis (L-THIA)

151–152. See also simple models and methods

low-impact development (LID)

43, 152, 375

management objectives constrained analysis of uncertainty (MOCAU)

284, 391

management practices

385

MapWindow Soil and Water Assessment Tool (MWSWAT)

41

margin of safety (MOS)

201, 271, 385, 391

determination in case-study TMDL

279

estimation of

274–278, 277f

explicit

274–275

implicit

275–276

risk-based

276–278

risk-based approaches for estimating TMDL

278

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

296–298

survey of MOS methods in sampled TMDL reports

280t–283t

total maximum daily load

273–274. See also model uncertainty analysis

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)

284, 294, 391

formulation of likelihood function

295

Metropolis algorithm

294

Metropolis–Hastings algorithm

294

SCEM-UA algorithm

294. See also model uncertainty analysis

Maryland Phase I Watershed Implementation Plan

360. See also TMDL implementation modeling

maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)

149

mean absolute error (MAE)

250, 391

mean squared error (MSE)

250

measurements of pollution in the troposphere (MOPITT)

204

medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS)

204

Metropolis algorithm

294. See also Markov chain Monte Carlo

Metropolis–Hastings algorithm

294. See also Markov chain Monte Carlo

Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG)

391

Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)

204

Microsoft (MS)

146

microwave (MW)

203, 391

microwave radiometers (MWRs)

203

MIKE 11

100. See also receiving water quality models

Mike Systém Hydrologique Européen (MIKE SHE)

40–41, 391. See also watershed models

million gal. per day (MGD)

348, 391

Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI)

391

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA)

391

MINTEQA2

98–99. See also receiving water quality models

model

385

model calibration and validation

215

alternate measures of global fit

250–251

automatic calibration combining manual analysis

254

bacteria-specific guidelines for model evaluation

252

BASINS

222

data management

221–222

data sources for setup, calibration, and validation

218t–220t

distribution testing

251

efficient adaptive techniques

254

evaluation criteria for model performance

255–260

global sensitivity analysis

260

goodness-of-fit measures

245t–249t, 251

HEC-DSS

222

hypothesis testing

251, 253

limitations on goodness-of-fit measures

252–253

manual and automatic calibration

253–254

model data and sources of data

216–221

model performance criteria based on coefficient of determination

257t

model performance criteria based on Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency

258t

model performance criteria based on percent bias

259t

model performance criteria for bacteria/toxic modeling

260t

model performance criteria for daily and monthly timescales

256t

optimization algorithm

254

parameterization

224–226, 244, 250–253

performance grading

256

precalibration

222–224

principal parameters for hydrologic calibration

227t–235t

principal parameters for water quality calibration

236t–243t

simulation reliability determination

251

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

260–261

statistics for watershed modeling

250–251

synoptic data collection

221

three-tiered hierarchy of validation proposed

255

validation

254–255

WRDB

222

model data

193

data requirements for running TMDL models

198t–199t

data requirements for TMDL model setup

196t–197t

discrete data

195

LOADSET

200

model parameter values

194–200

parameterizing

194

system data

195

total maximum daily load data resources

200–201

types of

193–194. See also geographical information system

remote sensing

model skill score (MSS)

250, 337, 338

model uncertainty analysis

271

applied in water quality modeling studies

285t–286t

Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis

289–292

first-order variance analysis

286–288

Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation Method

293–294

Kalman filtering

295–296

Markov Chain Monte Carlo method

294–295

methods

279, 284–296

Monte Carlo method

288–289

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

296–298

SUFI-2

284

uncertainty

271

in watershed modeling

284. See also margin of safety

moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)

204

modifications of USLE (MUSLE)

148

monitoring

385

Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ)

391

Monte Carlo (MC)

278, 288–289, 391

simulation

385. See also model uncertainty analysis

Multiple-response Bayesian calibration (MRBC)

391

multispectral remote sensing imagery

206–207. See also remote sensing

multispectral sensors

207. See also remote sensing

Municipality Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4)

368, 391

Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE)

119, 128, 129, 130, 250, 337, 392

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

391

National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

221, 391

National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (NCCHE)

392

National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

392

National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)

392

National Elevation Dataset (NED)

392

National Estuarine Research Reserves System (NERRS)

392

National Flood Frequency Program (NFF)

116

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

43

National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)

109, 392

National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD)

42, 392

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

392

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

2, 319, 392

National Research Council (NRC)

8, 392

National Resource Conservation Council (NRCS)

392

National Streamflow Statistics Program

181

National Water Information System (NWIS)

392

Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP)

143, 144, 392

Natural Condition (NC)

391

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

33, 148, 226, 342, 385

Naval Air Station Oceana (NAS Oceana)

124

Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NVDEP)

392

New Mexico Environment Department (NMED)

392

Nitrogen-Ammonia (NH3-N)

392

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium and Zooplankton (NPK-Z)

392

nonlinked complex models

127

nonpoint-source (NPS)

2, 38, 195, 392

contaminant load

85

pollution

385. See also watershed models

nonstructural stormwater management solutions

359

normalized root-mean squared error (NRMSE)

250, 392

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA)

392

One-Dimensional Transport with Equilibrium Chemistry (OTEQ)

99, 392

applicability to total maximum daily load studies

100

model background and capabilities

99. See also receiving water quality models

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ)

330, 392

organic enrichment (OE)

121, 392

organic nitrogen (ON)

121

organic phosphorus (OP)

121

orthophotography

209

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL)

392

Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)

392

parameter estimation (PEST)

254, 392. See also model calibration and validation

Parameter ESTimation and uncertainty analysis (PEST)

39, 340

Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient

250

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP)

367. See also state or watershed-specific models

Percent Bias (PBIAS)

392

percent error (PE)

250, 392

Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC)

128, 392

Performance Measure (PM)

392

periphyton

329

permit

385

Permit Compliance System (PCS)

217, 392

Permit Condition (PC)

392

point source (PS)

2, 195, 392

contaminant load

85

solution

386

pollutant

359–361, 386

load

158

-removal mechanisms

360

sources

146, 359–361. See also TMDL implementation modeling

polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)

251, 392

portable remote imaging spectrometer (PRISM)

207, 207

Portland State University (PSU)

93

posterior parameter distributions (PPDs)

278

potential evapotranspiration (PET)

34, 392

Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER)

392

predictions from observations is percent bias (PBIAS)

250

probabilistic collocation method (PCM)

284, 392

probabilistic methods

290

probability density function (PDF)

292

process/mechanism

386

Public Water Supply (PWS)

392

QGIS Interface for SWAT (QSWAT)

210

QUAL2K

98. See also receiving water quality models

quality assurance (QA)

222

quality assurance project plan (QAPP)

255, 392

Ratio of Root Mean Squared Error and standard deviation of observed data (RSR)

393

receiving water quality models

85, 320

advances in

345

causes of impairment

86t

Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering-1D/2D/3D

96–97

CE-QUAL-W2 model

93–94

contaminants

85

Corps of Engineers Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model

89–90

Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code

91–93

Environmental Protection Division-RIV1

97–98

Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System

94–96, 95f

linkage between watershed, hydrodynamic, and water quality models

87f

MIKE 11

100

MINTEQA2 and Visual MINTEQ

98–99

nonpoint-source contaminant load

85

One-Dimensional Transport with Equilibrium Chemistry

99–100

point source contaminant load

85

QUAL2K

98

selected receiving waterbody models

88t

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

100–101

for total maximum daily load applications

89

Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program

90–91

watershed model

85

receiving waters/receiving waterbodies

386

Red Alert 2 (RA-2)

204

Regionalized Sensitivity Analysis (RSA)

393

remote sensing

203

aerial imaging platforms

205

applications in total maximum daily load modeling

208–210

Aqua Earth-observing satellite

204

derived water surface data

209

hyperspectral remote sensing imagery

207–208

hyperspectral sensors

207

light detection and ranging

206

multispectral remote sensing imagery

206–207

multispectral sensors

207

platforms

206

processing and error-correcting satellite imagery

205

satellite and aerial imagery

205

satellites

204

specialized platforms

208

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

210. See also geographical information system

model data

residential waste management systems

333

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)

393

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 (RUSLE2)

136, 147–149, 393. See also simple models and methods

root-mean-squared error (RMSE)

129, 250, 393

Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden (KTH)

391

sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs)

122–123, 369

San Joaquin River Input–Output (SJRIO)

153–154, 393

satellite

204

and aerial imagery

205. See also remote sensing

Scanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartography (SCIAMACHY)

204

SCEM-UA algorithm

294. See also Markov chain Monte Carlo

Sea-viewing Wide Fieldof-view Sensor (SeaWiFS)

207

Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI)

207

sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2)

284

7Q10

170, 172, 385

Shuffled Complex Evolutionary (SCE)

393

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)

393

simple method to estimate urban stormwater loads

143–145. See also simple models and methods

simple models and methods

135, 159–160

BATHTUB model

155–156

comparison in TMDL determination

138t–142t

geographical information system workflow models

154–155

load–duration curve

157–159

LOAD ESTimator

149–150

Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis

151–152

Nationwide Urban Runoff Program

143, 144

review of

136

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2

147–149

simple method to estimate urban stormwater loads

143–145

simple receiving water models and methods

155

simple transient mass balance models

152–154

simple watershed models and methods

137

simplified mass balances

137, 143

spatially referenced regressions on watershed attributes

150–151

Spreadsheet Tool for the Estimation of Pollutant Load

146–147

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

160–161

Stream Segment Temperature model

156–157

Watershed Treatment Model

145–146

simple transient mass balance models

152–154. See also simple models and methods

simplified mass balances

137, 143. See also simple models and methods

SI units

379t–381t

Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

41–43, 109, 202, 284, 393. See also watershed models

Soil and Water Engineering Technology (SWET)

44. See also watershed models

Soil Conservation Service (SCS)

385–386, 393

Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO)

42, 393

Source Loading and Management Model for Windows (WinSLAMM)

358, 368, 394

South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC)

158, 393

Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW)

150–151, 393. See also simple models and methods

spreadsheet analysis

368–369. See also state or watershed-specific models

spreadsheet tool for estimating pollutant load (STEPL)

33, 216, 146–147, 358, 370–371, 393. See also simple models and methods;

state or watershed-specific models

stakeholders

357

state

386

state or watershed-specific models

362, 367

Chesapeake Bay Program

367

custom modeling using GIS geodatabase

371–372

GIS tools and associated geodatabases

371

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

367

pollutant loading

369

spreadsheet analysis

368–369

spreadsheet tool for estimating pollutant load

370–371

Watershed Treatment Model

369–370

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

368. See also TMDL implementation modeling

State Soil Geographic (STATSGO)

42, 393

State Water Pollution Control Revolving Fund

Clean Water State Revolving Fund

steady-state models

172, 176–177, 386. See also critical condition

stochastic analysis of model residuals (SAMR)

284, 393

Storage and Retrieval and Water Quality Exchange (STORET-WQX)

393

stormwater: best management practice pollutant control

359

treatment methods

360. See also TMDL implementation modeling

storm water management model (SWMM)

43–44, 109, 202, 359, 393. See also watershed models

Stream Network Temperature (SNTEMP)

156, 393

Stream Segment Temperature (SSTEMP)

156–157, 393. See also simple models and methods

Surface Water Statistics (SWSTAT)

393

SWAT calibration and uncertainty programs (SWAT-CUP)

254, 393

symbols

395–401

synoptic data

386

collection

221. See also model calibration and validation

synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

203

Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models (TAUDEM)

202, 393

TMDL (Total maximum daily load)

1, 31, 85, 107, 271, 357, 386, 393

allocation

13–14

amendments to CWA

4–9

analysis models

319, 320

approach

1–10

benefits of total maximum daily load approach

21–22

Chesapeake Bay Program

10

Clean Water State Revolving Fund

6

determination

13

development modeling

208

document

1–2

Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972

4

history of TMDL approach to water quality–based management

4

identification

12–13

implementation planning and compliance

14

Manual of Practice

22–23

maximum allowable pollutant load

2

modeling required to determine

19–21

multijurisdictional

3

multiple

3

procedure for determination, allocation, and implementation planning

12

process of determining

10

risk-based approaches for estimating

278

state, territory, & authorized tribe TMDL determination, allocation, and implementation

11f

synoptic and monitoring data requirements

14, 19

TMDL-DB

310f

TMDL model development workflow

313–315

TMDL reports

308–309, 312

Water Pollution Control Act of 1948

4

water quality variables and modeling objectives

15t–18t

watershed-scale TMDL approach

3

TMDL-DB (total maximum daily load database)

309, 310f, 319, 393

model selection and applications for

319

TMDL implementation modeling

357, 372–374

availability and support

362

Chesapeake Bay Program

367

Chesapeake Bay TMDL

359

choice of models for

358–362

data resources for modeling

361

expertise and access

361–362

GIS tools and geodatabases

371

Locust Fork and Village Creek TMDL load-reduction scenarios

349t–350t

Maryland Phase I Watershed Implementation Plan

360

modeling using GIS geodatabase

371–372

models for implementation

362–372

overall approach to

358

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

367

planning case study

348–351

pollutant loading

369

pollutant-removal mechanisms

360

range of pollutants and pollutant sources

359–361

spreadsheet analysis

368–369

spreadsheet tool for pollutant load

370–371

stakeholders

357

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

374–375

stormwater best management practice pollutant control

359

stormwater treatment methods

360

structure and capabilities of selected implementation models

363t–365t

treatment practices for selected implementation models

366t

watershed-specific models

362–372

Watershed Treatment Model

369–370

ways to carry out that TMDL implementation

373

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

368

TMDL modeling

169, 319

advances in receiving water quality model

345

Bayesian hypothesis testing

328

characteristics of impaired waterbody

329

choice of appropriate TMDL model

319

to determine, allocate, and implement TMDL

341–343

dimensionless MSS

338

dimensionless Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency

337

fundamental model selection principles

326–328

future innovation in

343–346

hypothesis testing

327

model evaluation, calibration–validation, and uncertainty estimation

334–341

models and methods for TMDL determination

321–323

models available for TMDL analysis

320

model selection

323–334

models in TMDL analysis

319

model uncertainty estimation

341

new automated calibration methods

340

performance evaluation

336–339

performance measures for qualitative assessment

339–340

principles for selection of TMDL models

326

scientific basis for structured holistic model selection process

320

stakeholder and expert engagements

332–334

stakeholder engagement

333

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

346–348

synoptic data collection

331

technical and practical considerations in model selection

328–332

TMDL implementation planning case study

348–351

TMDL model selection

319, 324f

updates to models

344

USEPA approval process for TMDL document

335

WARMF model

345

water quality management document

336

watershed model extensions

344. See also critical condition

TMDL model performance evaluation

334, 336–337

dimensionless MSS

338

dimensionless Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency

337

measures for qualitative assessment

339–340

during model calibration and validation

338–339

model calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis

340–341

during model selection

337–338

model uncertainty estimation

341

new automated calibration methods

340

USEPA approval process for TMDL document

335

water quality management document

336. See also TMDL modeling

TMDL model selection

323

Bayesian hypothesis testing

328

characteristics of impaired waterbody

329

flowchart

324f

hypothesis testing

327

performance evaluation during

337–338

principles

326–328

scientific basis for structured holistic

320

stakeholder and expert engagements

332–334

stakeholder engagement

333

synoptic data collection

331

technical and practical considerations

328–332. See also TMDL modeling

TMDL Report Selection (TRS) tool

73, 309, 311, 393

frequency count of models cited in

315f

model frequency statistics in output produced by

313f

steps to acquire data from ATTAINS database

311f

TMDL model development workflow using

313–315

use of

309–315

user interface

316f

version 1. 2

313, 316f. See also USEPA TMDL report archive and report search tool

TMDL TC (Total Maximum Daily Load Analysis and Modeling Technical Committee)

393

topographic parameterization (TOPAZ)

202, 393

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

393

total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)

126, 393

Total Nitrogen (TN)

393

total phosphorus (TP)

122, 126, 393

total suspended solids (TSS)

177, 393

triangular irregular networks (TINs)

116

two-dimensional (2D)

93

integrated hydrology

116

Two-Phase Monte Carlo (TPMC)

393

ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBODu)

121

uncertainty

271

aleatory

272

epistemic

272–273

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)

89, 155, 222, 336, 362, 393

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

393

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

308, 386, 393

water quality criteria

170, 177

United States Geological Survey (USGS)

150, 172, 386, 393

universal soil loss equation (USLE)

37, 370, 394

UnTRIM (Unstructured Tidal, Residual, and Intertidal Mudflat)

123

Urban Catchment Model P-8

368

USEPA TMDL report archive and report search tool

307

acceptable TMDL

309

accessing TMDL database and use of TRS tool

309–315

conservative constraints

307

features of TMDL report selection tool

311–312

frequency counts for constituents appearing in TMDL reports

314f

model frequency statistics in output produced by TRS tool

313f

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

315–317

steps to acquire data from ATTAINS database for analysis using TRS tool

311f

TMDL-DB

310f

TMDL model development workflow

313–315

TMDL reports

308–309

TMDL report summary statistics

312

TRS tool

311

TRS tool output cited in TMDL reports

315f

TRS tool user interface

316f

USEPA ATTAINS database

308, 309–310

Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ)

393

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ)

126, 179, 394

Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS)

123

Visible (VIS)

203, 394

Visual Basic (VB)

146

Visual MINTEQ

98–99. See also receiving water quality models

WARMF model

345. See also TMDL modeling

waste assimilative capacity

386–387

Waste Load Allocation (WLA)

97, 177, 274, 387, 394

Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)

394

Water Analysis Simulation Program (WASP)

394

waterbody

1, 387

Water Information System KISTERS (WISKI)

222, 394

Water Pollution Control Act of 1948

4

water quality (WQ)

74

parameter

387

standard

387

water quality analysis simulation program (WASP)

90–91, 109, 120, 222. See also receiving water quality models

Water Quality Model and Sediment Transport Model (WQSTM)

119

Water Quality Portal (WQP)

217, 394

Water Resources Database (WRDB)

97, 222, 394. See also model calibration and validation

watershed

35, 387

loading models

127, 129

management programs

4

model

85

model extensions

344. See also receiving water quality models

TMDL modeling

Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework (WARMF)

45, 201, 394. See also watershed models

watershed assessment model (WAM)

33, 44–45, 109, 216. See also watershed models

Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)

394

Watershed Data Management (WDM)

38. See also watershed models

watershed data management utilities (WDMutil)

109, 394

Watershed Implementation Plan (WIP)

387

Watershed Management Technical Committee (WMTC)

394

watershed modeling system (WMS)

36, 108, 112, 394

applications of

117

WMSHydro

116. See also integrated modeling systems

watershed models

watershed models

31, 85, 387

agricultural nonpoint-source

33–34

analyses of models

45

ANSWERS-2000

34–35

channel flow-routing procedure comparison

71f

characteristics and capabilities

46t–48t, 59

continuous models

32

descriptions of selected

33–45

dynamic

35–36

ECOLAB

41

event-based models

31–32

extensions

344

field-scale models

44

formulations in water-quality simulations

53t–58t

generalized watershed loading function

37

gridded surface and subsurface hydrologic analysis

36–37

Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran

38–39

Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System

37–38

hydrologic modeling

38

hydrologic simulations

69–71

kinematic runoff and erosion

39–40

Loading Simulation Program in C++

40

mathematical bases in models

49t–52t

MIKE Système Hydrologique Européen

40–41

overland runoff routing procedure comparison

70f

raindrop-impacted soil detachment

35

recommendations

74–76

Soil and Water Assessment Tool

41–43

state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice

76

Storm Water Management Model

43–44

strengths and limitations of models and suitability

60t–68t, 72–74

suitability for TMDL

45

TRS tool

73

types

31

water quality simulations

72

watershed

35

Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework

45

Watershed Assessment Model

44–45

watershed nonpoint-source models

31

Watershed Treatment Model (WTM)

145–146, 358, 369–370, 394. See also simple models and methods;

state or watershed-specific models;

Wetland Management Simulator WIP: Watershed Implementation Plan (WETMANSIM)

152, 394

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WI DNR)

368. See also state or watershed-specific models

WMSHydro

116