Chapter
Apr 25, 2016
Chapter 4
Energy Balance
Publication: Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, and Irrigation Water Requirements
Abstract
Studies of evaporation (E) and evapotranspiration (ET) clearly show that, where soil water is not limiting, the primary variable controlling the rate of E and ET is solar radiation impinging on the evaporating surfaces (irradiance). This chapter explains underlying principles to enable readers to estimate hourly and daily net radiation and soil heat flux as needed to solve E and ET problems. The examples provided reveal that the actual fraction of net radiation converted into E or ET can vary markedly depending upon air mass conditions above the surface and the availability of surface water. The main component of net radiation is short-wave radiation, or solar radiation. Net radiation also has a long-wave radiation component. Net radiation flux can be measured directly using hemispherical net radiometers, or estimated from net short-wave and long-wave components.
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© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Published online: Apr 25, 2016
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Task Committee on Revision of Manual 70
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