Studying the Status of Variations in Construction Contracts in Jordan

The research aims to perform an analytical study of actual variations in construction contracts in Jordan through recognizing the types of variations which occur in the contracts, and reasons which affect those variations. In order to realize the research purpose, the related data were gained from the sources of all sides of the contract (clients, consultants, and contractors) through: (1) several interviews; (2) historical data of pre-executed contracts; and (3) a questionnaire form distributed to the three parties. The results of analyzing historical data (640 cases of variations occurring in 58 contracts) showed that, of the variation in quantities within the ratio:(1) 20% of the work was of the most common types of variations occurring in contracts, as they reached more than 40% of the total variations (studied); and (2) they were followed by other types of variations (i.e., variations in quantities more than 20%, additions, quality variations, and deletions). The results of the same matters from the questionnaire showed the same sequence but slightly different figures. In addition, the study showed that the three parties (clients, consultants, and contractors) share almost equal responsibility for the reasons for the occurrence of variations. Reasons beyond the control of these parties received less attention.