Rethinking Concepts of Information Content of Hydrological Data to Account for Epistemic Errors

There remains a great deal of uncertainty about uncertainty estimation in hydrological modelling. Given that hydrology is still a subject limited by the available measurement techniques, it does not appear that the issue of epistemic error in hydrological data will go away for the foreseeable future. It may be necessary to find a way of allowing for robust model conditioning and more subjective treatments of potential epistemic errors in model applications. In this study, we have made an attempt to analyse how this is the result of the epistemic uncertainties inherent in the hydrological modelling process and its impact on model conditioning and hypothesis testing. We propose some ideas about how to deal with assessing the information in hydrological data and how it might influence model conditioning based on hydrological reasoning, with an application to rainfall-runoff modelling of a catchment in Northern England where inconsistent data for some events can potentially introduce disinformation into the model conditioning process. A methodology is presented to make an assessment of the relative information content of calibration data before running a model that can then inform the evaluation of model runs and resulting simulation uncertainties.