Comparing Mindfulness in Manual and 4D-Supported Coordination Practices

This research investigates the role of 4D visualizations in enhancing mindfulness in construction project coordination. We introduce the mindfulness concept—defined as capacity to detect (potential) operational errors and take corrective action—to make a comparison of two distinctive coordination practices. To this end, manual and 4D-supported coordination of three cases of three inner city reconstruction projects were examined. Observations were structured using five principles underlying mindfulness. Four of these principles supported our hypotheses that 4D allows managers to anticipate and contain errors better. We conclude by describing how 4D's focus on operational interdependencies helps to detect potential conflicts, increases resistance to simplifications through detailed visualizations, and enables development of containment strategies. Such practices eventually reduce conflicts, delays, and cost overruns, enhancing the reliability of coordination processes.