Chapter 4
Emerging Value Added Products and Miscellaneous Products
Publication: Sustainable Sludge Management: Production of Value Added Products
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
4.8 References
Abu-Orf, M.M., and Jamrah, A.I. (1995). “Biosolids and sludge management.” Wat. Environ. Res., 67(4), 481–487.
Aksu, Z., Sag, Y., and Kutsal, T. (1990). “A comparative study of the adsorption of Cr (VI) ions to C. vulgaris and Z. ramigera.” Environ. Technol., 11, 33–40.
Alkan, U., Anderson, G.K., and Ince, O. (1996). “Toxicity of Cr (III) in the anaerobic digestion process.” Wat. Res., 30(3), 731–741.
Anderson, M. (2002). “Encouraging prospects for recycling incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) into clay based building products.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77, 352–360.
Anderson, M., Skerratt, R.G., Thomas, J.P., and Clay, S.D. (1996). “Case study involving using fluidised bed incinerator sludge ash as a partial clay substitute in brick manufacture.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 34(3–4), 507–515.
Angerbauer, C., Siebenhofer, M. Mittelbach, M., and Guebitz, G.M. (2008). “Conversion of sewage sludge into lipids by Lipomyces starkeyi for biodiesel production.” Bioresource Technology, 99 3051–3056.
Annadurai, G., Juang, R.S., Yen, P.S., and Lee, D.J. (2003). “Use of thermally treated waste biological sludge as dye absorbent.” Advances in Environmental Research, 7(3), 739–744.
Ansari, A., Bagreev, A., and Bandosz, T.J. (2005). “Effect of adsorbent composition on H2S removal on sewage sludge-based materials enriched with carbonaceous phase.” Carbon, 43(5), 1039–1048.
Arickx, S., van Gerven, T., and Vandecasteele, C. (2006). “Accelerated carbonation for treatment of MSWI bottom ash.” J. Hazardous Materials, 137(1), 235–243.
Aulenbach, D.B., Meyer, M.A., Beckwith, E., Joshi, S., Vasudevan, C., and Clesceri, N.L. (1987). “Removal of heavy metals in activated sludge treatment systems.” Chem. Eng. Comm., 60, 79–99.
Avenell, C.S., Sainz-Diaz, C., and Griffiths, A. (1996). “Solid waste pyrolysis in a pilot-scale batch pyrolyser.” Fuel, 75, 1767–74.
Bagreev, A., and Bandosz, T.J. (2002). “H2S adsorption/oxidation on materials obtained using sulfuric acid activation of sewage sludge-derived fertilizer.” J. Colloid and Interface Science, 252, 188–194.
Bagreev, A., Bandosz, T.J., and Locke, D.C. (2001). “Pore structure and surface chemistry of adsorbents obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge-derived fertilizer.” Carbon, 39(13), 1971–1979.
Bandosz, T.J., and Block, K. (2006). “Effect of pyrolysis temperature and time on catalytic performance of sewage sludge/industrial sludge-based composite adsorbents.” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 67(1–2), 77–85.
Battistoni, P., Fava, G., and Ruello, M.L. (1993). “Heavy metal shockload in activated sludge uptake and toxic effects.” Wat. Res., 27(5), 821–827.
Beveridge, T.J., and Fyfe, W.S. (1985). “Metal fixation by bacterial cell walls.” Can. J Earth Sci., 22, 1893–1898.
Bhattacharya, S.K., Leslie, R.E., and Madura, R.L. (1995). “Effects of bioavailable cadmium on anaerobic systems.” Wat. Env. Res., 67(7), 1092–1094.
Bjorklund, J., Geber, U., and Rydberg, T. (2001). “Energy analysis of municipal wastewater treatment and generation of electricity by digestion of sewage sludge.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 31(4), 293–316.
Boon, A., and Thomas, V. (1996). “Resource or rubbish?” The Chemical Engineer, 612, 25–30.
Butter, T.J., Evison, L.M., Hancock, I.C., Holland, F.S., Matis, K.A., Philipson, A., Sheikh, A.I., and Zoubolis, A.I. (1998). “The removal and recovery of cadmium from dilute aqueous solutions by biosorption and electrolysis at laboratory scale.” Wat. Res., 32(2), 400–406.
Calvo, L.F., Otero, M., Moran, A., and Garcia, A.I. (2001). “Upgrading sewage sludges for adsorbent preparation by different treatments.” Biores. Technol., 80(2), 143–148.
Campbell, H.W. (1990). Converting Sludge to Fuel—A Status Report. In: Hoganet al., editor. Biomass Thermal Processing, Proceedings of the 1st Canada/European Community R and D Constructors Meeting, Ottawa, Canada, 78–85.
Cassidy, S. (1998). “Recovery of valuable products from municipal wastewater sludge.” In: Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V, Hahn, H., Hoffmann, E., and Odegaard, H. (eds.). Springer, Verlag Heidelberg, pp. 325–340.
Cenni, R., Janisch, B., Spliethoff, H., and Hein, K.R.G. (2001). “Legislative and environmental issues on the use of ash from coal and municipal sewage sludge co-firing as construction material.” Waste Management, 21(1), 17–31.
Chang, J.-S., Lee, K.-S., and Lin, P.-J. (2002). “Biohydrogen production with fixed-bed bioreactors.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 27(11–12), 1167–1174.
Chen, J.P., Lie, D., Wang, L., Wu, S., and Zhang, B. (2002a). “Dried waste activated sludge as biosorbents for metal removal: adsorptive characterisation and prevention of organic leaching.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77, 657–662.
Chen, X., Jeyaseelan, S., and Graham, N. (2002b). “Physical and chemical properties study of the activated carbon made from sewage sludge.” Waste Management, 22, 755–760.
Chishti, S.S., Nazrul Hasnain, S., and Altaf Khan, M. (1992). “Studies on the recovery of sludge protein.” Wat. Res., 26(2), 241–248.
Chu, H.C., and Chen, K.M. (2002). “Reuse of activated sludge biomass: the rate processes for the adsorption of basic dyes on biomass.” Process Biochem., 37(10), 1129–1134.
Churchill, S.A., Walters, J.V., and Churchill, P.F. (1995). “Sorption of heavy metals by prepared bacterial surfaces.” J. Env. Eng., 121(10), 706–711.
Corder, S.L., and Reeves, M. (1994). “Biosorption of nickel in complex aqueous waste streams by cyanobacteria.” Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 45–46, 847–860.
Covarrubias, G.I., Cabrera, A.R., and Gómez, M.D.J.F. (1994). “Continuous solid-substrate fermentation of swine waste recovered solids for pig feed.” Biores. Technol., 50 (2), 139–147.
Crist, R.H., Oberholser, K., Shank, N., and Nguyen, M. (1981). “Nature of bonding between metallic ions and algae cell walls.” Env. Sci. Technol., 15(10), 1212–1217.
Cusido, J.A., Cremades, L.V., and Gonzalez M. (2003). “Gaseous emissions from ceramics manufactured with urban sewage sludge during firing processes.” Waste Management, 23, 273–280.
Dentel, S.K., Strogen, B., and Chiu, P. (2004). “Direct generation of electricity from sludges and other liquid wastes.” Wat. Sci. Technol, 50(9), 161–168.
Dilek, F.B., Gokcay, C.F., and Yetis, U. (1998). “Combined effects of Ni(II) and Cr(VI) on activated Sludge.” Wat. Res., 32(2), 303–312.
Dominguez, A., Menendez, J.A., Inguanzo, M., and Pis, J.J. (2006a). “Production of bio-fuels by high temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge using conventional and microwave heating.” Bioresource Technology, 97(10), 1185–1193.
Dominguez, A., Menendez, J.A., and Pis, J.J. (2006b). “Hydrogen rich fuel gas production from the pyrolysis of wet sewage sludge at high temperature.” J. Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 77(2), 127–132.
Doshi, V.A., Vuthaluru, H.B., and Bastow, T. (2005). “Investigations into the control of odour and viscosity of biomass oil derived from pyrolysis of sewage sludge.” Fuel Processing Technology, 86(8), 885–897.
Dufreche, S., Hernandez, R., French, T., Sparks, D., Zappi, M., and Alley, E. (2007). “Extraction of lipids from municipal wastewater plant microorganisms for production of biodiesel.” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 84(2), 181–187.
Elled, A.-L., Amand, L.-E., Leckner, B., and Andersson, B.-A. (2007). “The fate of trace elements in fluidised bed combustion of sewage sludge and wood.” Fuel, 86(5–6), 843–852.
Fang, H.H.P. (1997). “Inhibition of bioactivity of UASB biogranules by electroplating metals.” Pure Appl. Chem., 69(11), 2425–2429.
Fumoto, E., Mizutani, Y., Tago, T., and Masuda, T. (2006). “Production of ketones from sewage sludge over zirconia-supporting iron oxide catalysts in a steam atmosphere.” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 68(3–4), 154–159.
Gasco, G., Blanco, C.G., Guerrero, F., and Mendez Lazaro, A.M. (2005a). “The influence of organic matter on sewage sludge pyrolysis.” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 74(1–2), 413–420.
Gasco, G., Mendez, A., and Gasco, J.M. (2005b). “Preparation of carbon-based adsorbents from sewage sludge pyrolysis to remove metals from water.” Desalination, 180(1–3), 245–251.
Gavala, H.N., Skiadas, I.V., and Ahring, B.K. (2006). “Biological hydrogen production in suspended and attached growth anaerobic reactor systems.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31(9), 1164–1175.
Golder, A.K., Samanta, A.N., and Ray, S. (2006). “Anionic reactive dye removal from aqueous solution using a new adsorbent–sludge generated in removal of heavy metal by electrocoagulation.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 122(1–2), 107–115.
Gourdon, R., Rus, E., Bhende, S., and Sofer, S. (1990) “Mechanism of cadmium uptake by activated sludge.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 34, 274–278.
Gulnaz, O., Kaya, A., and Dincer, S. (2006). “The reuse of dried activated sludge for adsorption of reactive dye.” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 134(1–3), 190–196.
Hagstorm, L., Jonsson, L.E., Magnusson, P., Bouvman, R., Cassidy, S., Hanssen, B., Karlsson, I., and Patterson, L. (1997). Fosfor och energi aur avloppsslam. Rapport 4822, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
Haytoglu, B., Demirer, G.N., and Yetis, U. (2001). “Effectiveness of anaerobic biomass in adsorbing heavy metals.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 44(2–3), 245–252.
Hickey, R.F., Vanderweilen, J., and Switzenbaum, S.S. (1989). “The effects of heavy metals on methane production and hydrogen and carbon monoxide levels during batch anaerobic sludge digestion.” Wat. Res., 23(2), 207–218.
Hoell, W.H. (2001). “Separation of mixtures of heavy metals by parametric pumping with variation of pH.” The 6th World Congress on Chemical Engineering, Melbourne Australia, September, pp. 455–460.
Horsfall, M., Abia, A.A., and Spiff, A.I. (2003). “Removal of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions from wastewater by cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) waste biomass.” Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2, 360–364.
Hsieh, C.-H., Lo, S.-L., Kuan, W.-H., and Chen, C.-L. (2006). “Adsorption of copper ions onto microwave stabilized heavy metal sludge.” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136(2), 338–344.
Huang, C., Pan, J.R., Sun, K.D., and Liaw, C.T. (2001). “Reuse of water treatment plant sludge and dam sediment in brick making.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 44(10), 273–277.
Hudson, J.A., and Lowe, P. (1996). “Current technologies for sludge treatment and disposal.” J CIWEM, 10, 436–440.
Hughes, M.N., and Poole, R.K. (1989). Metals and Microorganisms. Chapman and Hall, London.
Hussein, H., Ibrahim, S.F., Kandeel, K., and Moawad, H. (2005). Electronic J. Biotechnol. online, 2. Available from: http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol2/issue3/full/3/index.html
Ieropoulos, I., Greenman, J., Melhuish, C., and Hart, J. (2005). “Energy accumulation and improved performance in microbial fuel cells.” Journal of Power Sources, 145(2), 253–256.
Imai, A., and Gloyna, E.F. (1996). “Speciation of Cr(III) in activated sludge.” Wat. Environ. Res., 68(3), 301–310.
Itoh, S., Suzuki, A., Nakamura, T., and Yokoyama, S. (1994). “Production of heavy oil from sludge by direct thermochemical liquefaction.” Desalination, 98(1–3), 127–133.
Jaeger, M., and Mayer, M. (2000). “The Noell Conversion process–a gasification process for the pollutant free disposal of sewage sludge and the recovery of energy and materials.” Water Sci. Technol., 41(8), 37–44.
Jeyaseelan, S., and Lu, G.Q. (1996). “Development of adsorbent/catalyst from municipal wastewater sludge.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 34(3), 499–505.
Kapoor, A., and Viraraghavan, T. (1998). “Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using immobilised fungal biomass in a continuous mode.” Wat. Res., 32(6), 1968–1977.
Kargi, F., and Cikla, S. (2006). “Biosorption of zinc(II) ions onto powdered waste sludge (PWS): kinetics and isotherms.” Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 38(5), 705–710.
Kargi, F., and Ozmihci, S. (2004). “Biosorption performance of powdered activated sludge for removal of different dyestuffs.” Enzyme Microbial Technol., 35, 267–271.
Kargi, F., and Ozmihci, S. (2005). “Comparison of adsorption performances of powdered activated sludge and powdered activated carbon for removal of turquoise blue dyestuff.” Process Biochemistry, 40(7), 2539–2544.
Kaufman, E.N., Little, M.H., and Selvaraj, P.T. (1996). “Recycling of FGD gypsum to calcium carbonate and elemental sulfur using mixed sulfate reducing bacteria with sewage digest as carbon source.” J. Chem. Technol.Biotechnol., 66(4), 365–374.
Kavanagh, B.V., Herbert, L.S., and Moodie, S.P. (1982). “Biological sludges as animal feed supplements--analysis and composition of sludges.” Agricultural Wastes, 4(4), 305–315.
Kawagoshi, Y., Hino, N., Fujimoto, A., Nakao, M., Fujita, Y., Sugimura, S., and Furukawa, K. (2005). “Effect of inoculum conditioning on hydrogen fermentation and pH effect on bacterial community relevant to hydrogen production.” Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 100(5), 524–530.
Khoo, K.M., and Ting, Y.P. (2001). “Biosorption of gold by immobilized fungal biomass.” Biochem. Eng. J., 8, 51–59.
Kida, T., Guan, G., Yamada, N., Ma, T., Kimura, K., and Yoshida, A. (2004). “Hydrogen production from sewage sludge solubilized in hot-compressed water using photocatalyst under light irradiation.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29(3), 269–274.
Kim, S.-H., Han, S.-K., and Shin, H.-S. (2004). “Feasibility of biohydrogen production by anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29(15), 1607–1616.
Kim, S.-H., Han, S.-K., and Shin, H.-S. (2006). “Effect of substrate concentration on hydrogen production and 16S rDNA-based analysis of the microbial community in a continuous fermenter.” Process Biochemistry, 41(1), 199–207.
Kouzeli-Katsiri, A., Kartsonas, N., and Priftis, A. (1988). “Assessment of the toxicity of heavy metals to the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.” Environ. Technol., 9, 261–270.
Krogmann, U., Boyles, L.S., Martel, C.J., and McKomas, C.A. (1997). “Biosolids and sludge management.” Wat. Environ. Res., 69(4), 534–550.
Kyriakos, M. (1990). “Flash pyrolysis of wood and dried sewage sludge for liquid fuel production.” In: Grass, G., Gosse, G., and snf dos Santos, G. (eds). Biomass for Energy and Industry, the 5th EC Conference, vol. 2. Conversion and Utilisation of Biomass. 2.611–2.615.
Lastella, G., Testa, C., Corrnachia, G., Notornicola, M., Voltasio, F., and Sharma, V.K. (2002). “Anaerobic digestion of semi-solid organic waste: biogas production and its purification.” Energy Conversion Manag., 43, 63–75.
Lay, J. (2000). “Biohydrogen generation by mesophilic anaerobic fermentation of microcrystalline cellulose.” Biotechnol. and Bioeng., 74(4), 280–287.
Leckner, B., Amand, L.E., Lucke, K., and Werther, J. (2004). “Gaseous emissions from co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal/wood in a fluidized bed.” Fuel, 83(4–5), 477–486.
Lee, K.-S., Lin, P.-J., and Chang, J.-S. (2006a). “Temperature effects on biohydrogen production in a granular sludge bed induced by activated carbon carriers.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31(4), 465–472.
Lee, K.-S., Lo, Y.-C., Lin, P.-J., and Chang, J.-S. (2006b). “Improving biohydrogen production in a carrier-induced granular sludge bed by altering physical configuration and agitation pattern of the bioreactor.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31(12), 1648–1657.
Lee, K.S., Lo, Y.S., Lo, Y.C., Lin, P.J., and Chang, J.S. (2003). “H2 production with anaerobic sludge using activated-carbon supported packed-bed bioreactors.” Biotechnol. Letts., 25,133–138.
Leighton, I.R., and Forster, C.F. (1997). “The adsorption of heavy metals in an acidogenic thermophillic anaerobic reactor.” Wat. Res., 31(12), 2969–2972.
Lim, S., Jeon, W., Lee, J., Lee, K., and Kim, N. (2002). “Engineering properties of water/wastewater-treatment sludge modified by hydrated lime, fly ash and loess.” Wat. Res., 36(17), 4177–4184.
Lin, C.-N., Wu, S.-Y., and Chang, J.-S. (2006). “Fermentative hydrogen production with a draft tube fluidized bed reactor containing silicone-gel-immobilized anaerobic sludge.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31(15), 2200–2210.
Lin, C.-N., Wu, S.-Y., Lee, K.-S., Lin, P.-J., Lin, C.-Y., and Chang, J.-S. (2009). “Integration of fermentative hydrogen process and fuel cell for on-line electricity generation.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (in press).
Lin, C.Y., and Chen, C.C. (1997). “Toxicity resistance of sludge biogranules to heavy metals.” Biotech. Lett., 19(6), 557–560.
Lin, C.Y., and Lay, C.H. (2004). “Carbon/nitrogen-ratio effect on fermentative hydrogen production by mixed microflora.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29(1), 41–45.
Lin, C.Y., and Lay, C.H. (2005). “A nutrient formulation for fermentative hydrogen production using anaerobic sewage sludge microflora.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 30(3), 285–292.
Lin, P.-J., Lee, K.-S., Chang, J.-S., Chang, Y.-S., and Huang, Y.-S. (2007). Process for Enhancing Anaerobic Biohydrogen Production. United States Patent 7232669.
Lovley, D.R. (1993). “Dissimilatory metal reduction.” Annual Rev. Microbiol., 47, 297–299.
Malliou, O., Katsioti, M., Georgiadis, A., and Katsiri, A. (2007). “Properties of stabilized/solidified admixtures of cement and sewage sludge.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 29(1), 55–61.
Martin, M.J., Balaguer, M.D., and Rigola, M. (1996). “Feasibility of activated carbon production from biological sludge by chemical activation with ZnCl2 and H2SO4.” Environ. Technol., 17, 667–672.
Martin, M.J., Serra, E., Ros, A., Balaguer, M.D., and Rigola, M. (2004). “Carbonaceous adsorbents from sewage sludge and their application in a combined activated sludge-powdered activated carbon (AS-PAC) treatment.” Carbon, 42, 1389–1394.
Matheickal, J.T., Yu, Q., and Woodburn, G.M. (1999). “Biosorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions by pretreated biomass of marine alga Durvillaea potatorum.” Wat. Res., 33(2), 335–342.
Mendez, A., Gasco, G., Freitas, M.M.A., Siebielec, G., Stuczynski, T., and Figueiredo, J.L. (2005). “Preparation of carbon-based adsorbents from pyrolysis and air activation of sewage sludges.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 108(1–2), 169–177.
Menendez, J.A., Dominguez, A., Inguanzo, M., and Pis, J.J. (2005). “Microwave-induced drying, pyrolysis and gasification (MWDPG) of sewage sludge: vitrification of the solid residue.” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 74(1–2), 406–412.
Midilli, A., Dogru, M., Akay, G., and Howarth, C.R. (2002). “Hydrogen production from sewage sludge via a fixed bed gasifier product gas.” Int. J. Hyd. Ener., 27,1035–1041.
Millot, N., Huyard, A., Faup, G.M., and Michel, J.P. (1989). “Sludge liquefaction by conversion to fuels.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 21(8–9), 917–923.
Mittelbach, M., and Remschmied, C. (2004). Biodiesel–The Comprehensive Handbook, 1st ed., M. Mittelbach, Graz, Austria.
Montgomery, R. (2004). “Development of biobased products.” Biores. Technol., 91, 1–29.
Mu, Y., Wang, G., Yu, H.Q., and Zheng, J.C. (2005). “Response surface methodological analysis on biohydrogen production by enriched anaerobic cultures.” Enzyme Microb. Technol., 38, 905–913.
Mu, Y., Zheng, X.-J., Yu, H.-Q., and Zhu, R.-F. (2006). “Biological hydrogen production by anaerobic sludge at various temperatures.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31(6), 780–785.
Mueller, R.F., and Steiner, A. (1992). “Inhibition of anaerobic digestion caused by heavy metals.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 26(3–4), 835–846.
Muraleedharan, T.R., and Venkobachar, C. (1990). “Mechanism of biosorption of copper (II) by Ganoderma lucidum.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 35, 320–325.
Myung, H.S., and Kim, D.P. (2001). “Preparation of composite adsorbents by activation of water plant sludge and phenolic resin mixtures.” Carbon Sci., 1(3 4), 154–157.
Nadziakiewicz, J., and Koziol, M. (2003). “Co-combustion of sludge with coal.” Applied Energy, 75(3–4), 239–248.
NIOSH (2002). Guidance for Controlling Potential Risks to Workers Exposed to Class B Biosolids. Cincinnati, OH. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Publication Number 2002 149.
O’Conor, R.E., Carroll, T.W., and Flom, A. (2001). “Minergy glass aggregate technology.” Specialised Conference on Sludge Management: regulation, treatment, utilization and disposal, Mexico, Oct. 25–27, pp. 272–279.
Odeby, T., Netteland, T., and Solheim, O.E. (1996). “Thermal sludge treatment to decrease sludge volume and recycle the sludge to new products.” In: Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, Hahn, H., Hoffmana, E., and Odegaard, H. (eds.), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 401–409.
Okuno, N., Uriu, M., Horii, T., and Miyagawa, K. (1997). “Evaluation of thermal sludge solidification.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 36(11), 227–233.
Onaka, T. (1999). “Sewage can make Portland cement.” IAWQ Conference Paper on Sludge management for the 21st century, Poster presentation, Freemantle, Western Australia.
Onyeche, T.I. (2004). “Sludge as source of energy and revenue.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 50(9), 197–204.
Otero, M., Rozada, F., Calvo, L.F., Garcia, A.I., and Moran, A. (2003a). “Kinetic and equilibrium modelling of the methylene blue removal from solution by adsorbent materials produced from sewage sludges.” Biochemical Engineering Journal, 15(1), 59–68.
Otero, M., Rozada, F., Calvo, L.F., Garcý, A.I., and Moran, A. (2003b). “Elimination of organic water pollutants using adsorbents obtained from sewage sludge.” Dyes and Pigments, 57, 55–65.
Ozmihci, S., and Kargi, F. (2006). “Utilization of powdered waste sludge (PWS) for removal of textile dyestuffs from wastewater by adsorption.” Journal of Environmental Management, 81(3), 307–314.
Pamukoglu, M.Y., and Kargi, F. (2006). “Removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous medium by biosorption onto powdered waste sludge.” Process Biochemistry, 41(5), 1047–1054.
Pamukoglu, Y., and Kargi, F. (2007). “Biosorption of copper (II) ions onto powdered waste sludge in a completely mixed fed-batch reactor: estimation of design parameters.” Bioresource Technology, 98(6), 1155–1162.
Pan, S.C., and Tseng, D.H. (2001). “Sewage as characteristic and its potential applications.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 44(10), 261–267.
Pan, S.S., Lin, C.C., and Tseng, D.H. (2003). “Reusing sewage sludge ash as adsorbent for copper removal from wastewater.” Res., Conserv. Recycl.,39,79–90.
Park, D.H., and Zeikus, J.G. (2003). “Improved fuel cell and electrode designs for producing electricity from microbial degradation.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 81(3), 348–350.
Paya, J., Monzo, J., Borrachero, M.V., Amahjour, F., Girbe, I., Velagsquez, S., and Ordognez, L.M. (2002). “Advantages in the use of fly ashes in cements containing pozzolanic combustion residues: silica fume, sewage sludge ash, spent fluidized bed catalyst and rice husk ash.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 77, 331–335.
Polprasert, C., Yang, P. Y., Kongsricharoern, N., and Kanjanaprapin, W. (1994). “Productive utilization of pig farm wastes: a case study for developing countries.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 11(1–4), 245–259.
Ros, A., Lillo-Rodenas, M.A., Fuente, E., Montes-Moran, M.A., Martin, M.J., and Linares-Solano, A. (2006). “High surface area materials prepared from sewage sludge-based precursors.” Chemosphere, 65(1), 132–140.
Rozada, F., Calvo, L.F., Garcia, A.Y., Martin-Villacorta, J., and Otero, M. (2003). “Dye adsorption by sewage sludge-based activated carbons in batch and fixed-bed systems.” Biores. Technol., 87, 221–230.
Rozada, F., Otero, M., Parra, J.B., Moran, A., and Garcia, A.I. (2005). “Producing adsorbents from sewage sludge and discarded tyres: characterization and utilization for the removal of pollutants from water.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 114(1–3), 161–169.
Rozada, F., Otero, M., Garcia, A.I., and Moran, A. (2007). “Application in fixed-bed systems of adsorbents obtained from sewage sludge and discarded tyres.” Dyes and Pigments, 72(1), 47–56.
Rudd, T., Sterritt, M., and Lester, J.N. (1984). “Formation and stability constants of complexes formed between heavy metals and bacterial extracellular polymers.” Wat. Res., 18(3), 379–384.
Seredych, M., and Bandosz, T.J. (2007). “Sewage sludge as a single precursor for development of composite adsorbents/catalysts.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 128(1), 59–67.
Shen, L., and Zhang, D.K. (2003). “An experimental study of oil recovery from sewage sludge by low-temperature pyrolysis in a fluidised-bed.” Fuel, 82, 465–472.
Sipma, J., Janssen, A. J. H., Pol, L.W. H., and Lettinga, G. (2003). “Development of a novel process for the biological conversion of H2S and methanethiol to elemental sulfur.” Biotechnol Bioeng., 82, 1–11.
Skrypski-Mäntele, S., and Bridle, T.R. (1995). “Environmentally sound disposal of tannery sludge.” Water Res., 29(4), 1033–1039.
Smith, S.H., and Rothman, H. (1981). “Recycling sewage sludge as a food for farm animals: Some ecological and strategic implications for Great Britain.” Agricultural Wastes, 3(2), 87–108.
Tacon, A.G.J. (1979). “Activated sewage sludge, a potential animal foodstuff II. Nutritional characteristics.” Agriculture and Environment, 4(4), 271–279.
Tay, J.H., Show, K.Y., Hong, S.Y., Chien, C.Y., and Lee, D.J. (2002). “Potential reuse of wastewater sludge for innovative applications in construction industry.” Bulletin of the College of Engineering, N.T.U., 86, October, 103–112.
Tay, J.H., Show, K.Y., Lee, D.J., and Hong, S.Y. (2004). “Reuse of wastewater sludge with marine clay as a new resource of construction aggregates.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 50(9), 189–196.
Teratani, T., Okuno, N., and Kouno, K. (2001). “New technology to manufacture fine spherical ceramic from sewage sludge.” Specialised Conference on Sludge Management: regulation, treatment, utilization and disposal, Mexico, Oct. 25–27, 296–303.
Ting, C.H., and Lee, D.J. (2009). “Production of hydrogen and methane from wastewater sludge.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (in press).
Ting, C.H., Lin, K.R., Lee, D.J., and Tay, J.H. (2004). “Production of hydrogen and methane from wastewater sludge using anaerobic fermentation.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 50 (9), 223–228.
Using anaerobic fermentation. International Association for Hydrogen Energy.
Valls, S., and Vazquez, E. (2001). “Accelerated carbonation of sewage sludge-cement-sand mortars and its environmental impact.” Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 1271–1276.
Vriens, L., Nihoul, R., and Verachtert, H. (1989). “Activated sludges as animal feed: a review.” Biological Wastes, 27(3), 161–207.
Wang, C.C., Chang, C.W., Chu, C.P., Lee, D.J., Chang, B.V., and Liao, C.S. (2003). “Producing hydrogen from wastewater sludge by Clostridium bifermentans.” Journal of Biotechnology. 102(1), 83–92.
Weibusch, B., and Seyfried, C.F. (1997). “Utilisation of sewage sludge ashes in the brick and tile industry.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 36(11), 251–258.
Weng, C.H., Chang, E.E., and Chiang, P.C. (2001). “Characteristics of new coccine dye adsorption onto digested sludge particulates.” Wat. Sci. Technol., 44(10), 279–284.
Weng, C.H., Lin, D.F., and Chiang P.C. (2003). “Utilization of sludge as brick materials.” Adv. Environ. Res., 7, 679–685.
Wong, M.H., and Cheung, S.P. (1980). “Sewage sludges and carrot wastes as supplementary feed for the common carp.” Cyprinus carpio. Environ. Pollut., 23, 29–39.
Wong, M.H., Cheung, Y.H., and Lau, W.M. (1982). “Toxic effects of animal manures and sewage sludge as supplementary feeds for the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.” Toxicology Letters, 12(1), 65–73.
Wong, M.H., Cheung, Y.H., and Cheung, C.L. (1983). “The effects of ammonia and ethylene oxide in animal manure and sewage sludge on the seed germination and root elongation of Brussica paruchinensi.” Environ. Pollut., (A)30, 109–123.
Wong, J.W.C. (1995). “The production of artificial soil mix from coal fly ash and sewage sludge.” Environ. Technol. 16, 74l–751.
Wu, K.-J., and Chang, J.-S. (2007). “Batch and continuous fermentative production of hydrogen with anaerobic sludge entrapped in a composite polymeric matrix.” Process Biochemistry, 42(2), 279–284.
Wu, K.-J., Chang, F.-C., and Chang, J.-S. (2007a). “Simultaneous production of biohydrogen and bioethanol with fluidized-bed and packed-bed bioreactors containing immobilized anaerobic sludge.” Process Biochemistry, 42, 1165–1171.
Wu, K.-J., Lo, Y.-C., Chen, S.-D., and Chang, J.-S. (2007b). “Fermentative production of biofuels with entrapped anaerobic sludge using sequential HRT shifting operation in continuous cultures.” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers, 38, 205–213.
Wu, S.Y., Lin, C.N., Chang, J.S., Lee, K.S., and Lin, P.J. (2002). “Microbial hydrogen production with immobilized sewage sludge.” Biotechnol. Prog., 18, 921–926.
Yu, L., and Zhong, Q. (2006). “Preparation of adsorbents made from sewage sludges for adsorption of organic materials from wastewater.” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 137(1), 359–366.
Zhai, Y., Wei, X., Zeng, G., Zhang, D., and Chu, K. (2004). “Study of adsorbent derived from sewage sludge for the removal of Cd2+, Ni2+ in aqueous solutions.” Separation and Purification Technol., 38, 191–196.
Zhou, J.L., and Kiff, R.J. (1991). “The uptake of Cu from aqueous solution by immobilised fungal biomass.” J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 52, 317–330.
Zhu, H., and Beland, M. (2006). “Evaluation of alternative methods of preparing hydrogen producing seeds from digested wastewater sludge.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31(14), 1980–1988.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Sustainable Sludge Management: Production of Value Added Products
Pages: 66 - 100
Copyright
© 2009 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 9, 2013
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Agriculture
- Air pollution
- Air quality
- Biological processes
- Composting
- Construction engineering
- Construction industry
- Construction management
- Environmental engineering
- Irrigation engineering
- Pollutants
- Pollution
- Sludge
- Solid wastes
- Value engineering
- Waste management
- Wastes
- Water and water resources
- Water quality
- Water treatment
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.