Application of Biopile System for the Remediation of Petroleum-Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils

The objective of this study was to assess the potential of applying enhanced bioremediation on the treatment of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Microcosm experiments were conducted to determine the optimal biodegradation conditions. The control factors included oxygen content, nutrient addition, addition of commercially available mixed microbial inocula, addition of wood chips and rice husks (volume ratio = 1:1) as bulking agents, and addition of organic amendments (chicken manures). Results indicate that the supplement of microbial inocula or chicken manures could significantly increase the microbial populations in soils, and thus, enhance the efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal (initial TPH = 5,500 mg/kg). The highest first-order TPH decay rate and removal ratio were approximately 0.015 day^–1 and 85%, respectively, observed in microcosms containing microbial inocula (mass ratio of soil to inocula = 50:1), nutrient, and bulking agent (volume ratio of soil to bulking agent = 10 to 1) during 155 days of incubation. Results indicate that the first-order TPH decay rates of 0.015 and 0.0142 day^–1 can be obtained with the addition of microbial inocula and chicken manures, respectively, compared with the decay rate of 0.0069 day^–1 under intrinsic conditions. Thus, chicken manures have the potential to be used as substitutes of commercial microbial inocula. The decay rate and removal ratio can be further enhanced to 0.0196 day^–1 and 87%, respectively, with frequent soil shaking and air replacement. Results will be useful in designing an ex-situ soil bioremediation systems (e.g., biopile, landfarming) for practical application.