Modeling of Tensioned Fabric Structures

Designers attracted to fabric structures are often intrigued with the wide range of forms which can be built. Although the range of possible forms is extensive, these are not "free-form" structures. They must rigorously conform to the physical principals which govern their behavior as limited by the characteristics of the materials from which they are built. Exploration and exploitation of the nature of tensile behavior is the basis for the design of fabric structures. The use of structural systems and materials which resist loads in tension govern their design. Ropes and cables are the simplest tensile elements. Structural forms may be generated by arranging cables between fixed boundaries. Compression struts or bending components may be incorporated into the web of tension elements. Membranes are generally made by combining or weaving numerous linear tension components. Membranes structurally act as tension surfaces. Loads applied to membranes must be resolved in their surface, as they typically have negligible compressive, flexural or shear strength. Cables may be used to establish membrane boundaries or "reinforce" a membrane by dividing the surface into manageable portions.